Motivation Rent-a-Car Case Study - 3200 Words

Topic: Rent-A-Car Case study Course: 501 HUMAN INTERFACES Final Assignment Instructor : Michele Vincenti Student Name : Navanjot Singh Bajwa Class : MBA 501 Table of contents: Abstract†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.3 1. Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦4 2. Motivation and approach used by Rent-A-Car†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..6 3. Culture of an organization†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.9 4. Analyzing the Vote System†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..10 5. Effectiveness of Motivational Techniques†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦12 6. Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢ € ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.12 References Abstract The factors contribute the exceptional customer service explained in the paper. Customer service is main motive of this company and there are†¦show more content†¦Extrinsic factors drive individual or motivate him to do better performance by dealing in proper and behaved manner with customers and looking after their needs. Extrinsic factors are given to those persons who cannot be motivated internally or do not have intrinsic motivation. Motivating employee’s starts when employer starts appreciating the job done by employees, environment of employment is having potential to urge, bond, understand and defend. The managers at top levels and companies had to put some motivation factors to employees so that they can work harder and rewarded with meeting workers essential needs as basic necessity. Rewards are given to employees as cash, gift cards, cheque. Culture also helps in motivating as it promotes openness and collaboration. There are two theories that also help in analyzing the motivation needs of the company namely, Maslow’s hierarchy-of-needs and Hertzberg’s two factor theories. These two theories are compared and reviewed and best suitable and fitting in the shoes of needs of the company like Enterprise Rent-A-Car. Maslow’s Hierarchy-of-Needs Theory According to Maslow’s hierarchy-of-needs theory, there are five level hierarchies. Each level is dependent on one another and if one part is missing hierarchy will not exist. In the presence of all levels of hierarchy, the individual is extremely motivated and are able to reach their maximum potential. The base of this hierarchy is formed by individual’s mentalShow MoreRelatedThe Hybrid Clouds ( Inter Vehicle Clouds Essay1152 Words   |  5 Pages3.3 Hybrid Clouds (Inter-Vehicle Clouds): HC is the combination of VC and VuC where VC serves as both service provider and consumer at the same time. The motivation behind HC is that, vehicles moving on the road might rent their resources and might want to use cloud services at the same time. NaaS and P2P are the most suitable examples for such scenarios. Nevertheless due to the ephemeral nature of VANET, connection among vehicular nodes is very intermittent. But yet it can be arguedRead MoreRecruitment And Selection Processes Within An Organization3092 Words   |  13 Pagesthis recruitment and selection theory links into real life, I will also be speaking of how two major, international organisations (Tesco and Enterprise Rent-A-Car) carry out their recruitment and selection process to make sure they have the right candidates for the right job. I will also be investigating how both, Tesco and Enterprise Rent-A-Car, make the most of recruiting people that already work for them to do a different job within the o rganisation to retain staff as much as possible, while fillingRead MoreMotivation Results From Employee Motivation2286 Words   |  10 Pages Introduction Motivation is defined as Internal and external factors that stimulate desire and energy in people to be continually interested and committed to a job, role or subject, or to make an effort to attain a goal. 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Critical Review - Heart of Darkness and Things Fall Apart

One World, Two Stories Conrad’s â€Å"Heart of Darkness† and Achebe’s â€Å"Things Fall Apart† are two significant and well-known works treating colonialism in Africa. When reading these two stories, one cannot help but realize that though the two authors are making two separate points about two groups, Africans and Europeans, they both have somewhat of the same theme. In Achebe’s â€Å"Things Fall Apart† and Conrad’s â€Å"Heart of Darkness†, the theme seems to be acceptance. Both main characters, Okonkwo and Marlow, change their behaviors based on their surroundings and on what they feel like they need to be or do in order to be accepted in their communities. In Achebe’s â€Å"Things Fall Apart†, the two main characters that I found to be the most relevant in†¦show more content†¦Sadly, even though he expresses a bond or connecting line between the British and the Africans, Marlow goes on to tell his listeners that the bond is not a good one. When the book first began, Conrad made it seem as if Marlow was the good guy in this story. He made it seem like Marlow would be the one to go to Africa and see the beauty of it, and show others a better way to treat the native Africans. Instead, Marlow joins the European group of people in Congo to participate in mistreating the Africans there as well. The second character that I found interesting was Kurtz. At a first glance, Kurtz seems to be like the guy that everyone looks up to. Throughout the story, it becomes clear that he is very manipulative though. Despinte his charisma and the bright light he is viewed in, he uses that to the loss of knowledge of others. That is, Kurtz is a great writer, but instead of using that talent to inform people about the wrong that is happening in Africa, he pads all of his words so that people can not see the true gruesome deeds being done there. Kurtz plays an important role in the conclusion of the story. He dies leaving behind a complicated construct of injustice, corruption, and intrigue. His actions caused nothing good and were more or less intended to degradingly exploit the African natives. To me, â€Å"Heart of Darkness† is filled with an awful lot of greedShow MoreRelatedPostcolonial Literature: Uncovering Western Myths Essay1309 Words   |  6 Pagesof concepts such as deep darkness, mystery, and madness, a place in which attrocities arise at any time of the day, and people are savages and chaotic. From that colonialist viewpoint, Africa was a place that needed help and control urgently in order to save it form itself and civilize it; therefore, white European men felt the need of accomplishing this mission and bring civilization to black men, which only meant to do thing as Europeans did. 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Actus Reus - Paper free essay sample

The general basis for imposing liability in  criminal law  is that the defendant must be proved to have committed a guilty act whilst having had a guilty state of mind. The physical elements are collectively called the actus reus and the accompanied mental state is called the mens rea. It is the fundamental duty of the prosecution to prove both of these elements of the offence to the satisfaction of the judge or jury beyond reasonable doubt. In the absence of such proof the defendant will be acquitted. ACTUS REUS An actus reus consists of more than just an act. It also consists of whatever circumstances and consequences are recognised for liability for the offence in question in other words all the elements of an offence other than the mental element. The term actus reus has been given a much wider meaning by Glanville Williams in his criminal law. He says : When he use the technical tern actus reus we include all the external circumstances and consequences specified in the rule of law as constituting the forbidden situation. We will write a custom essay sample on Actus Reus Paper or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Reus must be taken as indicating the situation specified in the actus reus as on that, given any necessary mental element, is forbidden by law. In other words, acus reus means the whole definition of the crime with the exception of the mental element – and it even includes a mental element in so far as that is contained in the definition of an act. Actus reus includes negative as well as positive elements. For example, as stared earlier, the actus reus of murder is the causing of death of a person. It also includes circumstances, such as the person whose death has been caused was not as a consequence of a sentence or death given to him or that the death was caused within the territorial jurisdiction of the state. OMISSIONS IN CRIMES Omissions are controversial for two main reasons_ first, whether and to what extent it is justifiable omissions rather than acts; and secondly, whether liability for omissions rather than act requirement in criminal law. Pursuing the second point here, much has been made above of the importance f requiring proof that the defendant voluntarily did something to produce prohibited conduct or consequence. In so far as this can be termed an ‘act requirement’, are omissions a true exception to it? If they are, is this another argument against criminalizing them? One much-discussed preliminary question is the distinction between acts and omissions. Sometimes it is argued that certain verbs imply action and therefore exclude liability for omiss ions, and that the criminal law should respect. The distinctions flowing from this. English courts have often used this linguistic or interpretive approach. It has led to a variety of decisions in different statutes, without much discussion of the general principles underlying omissions liability. The law commissions considerably draft criminal code may be said to signal the continuation of this approach, by redefining the homicide offences in terms of ‘causing death’ rather than ‘killing’, and refining the damage offences in terms of ‘causing damage’, rather than ‘damaging’, so as ‘to leave fully open the courts the possibility of so constructing the relevant (statutory) provisions as to impose liability for omissions’. The draft cod would therefore remove any linguistic awkwardness in saying, for example, that a parent killed a child by failing to feed it; but it does so in this specific instance, and without proclaiming a general principle, that the act requirement may be fulfilled by an omission of a duty can be established. Attachment to the vagaries of the language is no proper basis for delineating the boundaries of criminal liability. In some situations the courts, following the linguistic approach, have nevertheless found themselves able to impose omissions liability. In Speck (1977)3 the defendant was charged with committing an act of gross indecency with or towards a child. The evidence was that an 8 yr old girl placed her hand on his trousers over his penis. he allowed that hand to remain there for some minutes, causing him to have an erection. The court of appeal held that the defendants failure to remove the hand amounted to an invitation to the child with the act, or it created a duty in an adult to put an end to the innocent touching of this kind, with omissions liability for not fulfilling the duty. The analysis is similar to that in miller (1983) where D fell asleep whilst smoking, woke up to find the mattress smouldering, but simply left the room and went to sleep elsewhere. He was convicted of causing criminal damage by fire, on the basis that a person who initiates a sequence of events nnocently and then fails to do anything to stop the sequence should be regarded as having caused the whole sequence. On this view the conduct constitutes a single, continuing act; Miller caused the damage because he took no steps to extinguish the fire he had innocently started. It must be doubted whether these efforts to find an act which then coincides in point in point of time with defendants knowledge and intentions are convincin g. surely the courts are imposing liability for an omission on these cases, by recognizing that a duty arises. Speck is a little different from miller since the original act of the speck was of the girl, and the duty must therefore amount the recognition of an obligation on an adult to put an end to the indecent yet innocent touching by a child. In so far as these decisions appear to extend the statutory wording, are they objectionable on grounds of retroactivity and lack of fair warning, or defensible as applications of existing common law doctrine to new situations? In other situations it seems possible to offer plausible reasons for regarding the same event as either an act or an omission, and in some cases the courts have sought to exploit this ambiguity when dealing with problematic medical issues. Yet it is one thing to say that a healthcare professional who decides not to replace an empty bag for a drip-feed has made an omission, whereas switching a ventilator off is an act; is another thing to maintain that the act-omission distinction should be crucial to any determination of the criminal liability in the two situations. In Airedale NHS trust v bland (1993)the house of lords held that it would be lawful for a doctor to withdraw treatment from a patient in a persistent vegetative state, even though death would inevitable be hastened by that conduct. The house held that the withdrawal of treatment would constitute and omission, and thus regarded the duties of the doctor as the central issue. The decision was that the doctor a doctor has no duty to continue life supplying treatment when it is no longer in the best interest of the patient, having regard to responsible medical opinion. However the court of appeal declined to adopt this subterfuge in Re A(conjoined twins: Surgical separation), holding that the surgical separation of the twins would undoubtedly an act, and subsequently deciding that carrying out an operation which would result in the death of one twin in order to save the life of other could be justifies on the grounds of necessity. This demonstration of the fragility of the act-omission distinction of the vagaries fthe English language indicates that it may be simplistic to oppose omissions liability in the principle. There are some clear cases of omission in which it is desirable to have criminal liability, such as the parent who neglects to feed her or his child or neglects to protect it from abuse. Omissions can be involuntary or not, in the same way as acts; and provided, that the harm resulted because D failed to intervene, it can be argued that omissions are also causes. Omissions liability ay therefore satisfy the principles that no one should be held liable for bodily movements that he or she did not or could not direct. It may also satisfy the principle that no person should be held liable for the conduct or consequences that he or she did not cause. But one point of the act requirement is to exclude liability for mere thoughts that do not result in some bodily movement, and omissions fall foul to that. They do so for a good reason – that certain positive duties to act are so important that they can rightly be made the subject of criminal liability. Of course, such a duty should also be defined with sufficient certainty and made known to those affected by it. So long as these formal requirements are fulfilled there can be no fairness objection to holding a person liable, provided that he or she is capable of taking some steps to carry out the duty. CAUSATION IN CRIMES An event is very often the result of a number of factors. A factor is said to have caused a particular event if, without that factor or, the event would not have happened. Thus, a man is said to have caused the actus reus of a crime, if, that actus would not have occurred without his participation in what was done. Some casual relationships has to be established between his conduct and the prohibited result. A man is usually held criminally liable only for the consequences of his conduct as he foresaw, (or is crimes of negligence, he ought to have foreseen). The act must be the causa causans, ie, the immediate or proximate cause of the effect. When the facts are direct and simple, then establishing the causal nexus between the act and the effect may not be difficult, as for instance in a case of person shooting another person and thereby killing him. The causation can also be without any direct physical act. if the victim asks his way on a dark night nd the accused with the intention of causing his death, directs him to a path that he knows will bring him to a cliff edge , and the victing suffers a fatal fall, this is clearly murder, though the accused has done nothing more than utter words. This can be true in cases of abetment, incitement and conspiracy. In the instances stated above, it is not difficult to establish the direct result between the cause and the effect. The difficulty ar ises only in cases of multiple causation, where it is difficult to establish the imputability. Example: A, intending to kill B but only wounds him very slightly. A clearly has the requisite mens rea for murder, that is, he foresees and desires B’s death. Not let us assume that on his being ta ken to the hospital in an ambulance, a piece of masonry from a building falls on the ambulance and kills B; or, alternatively, that B has a rare blood disease which prevents his blood from coagulation so that the slight wound leads to his death, which it would not have done if he had not been suffering from this disease; or, alternatively, that B refuses to have the wound treated and dies of blood poisoning, which would not have occurred if B had had the wounded treated. In all these cases, a problem of causation arises, i. e. , did A cause B’s death for the purposes of the criminal law so that he can be convicted of murder? If the result is too remote and accidental in its occurrence, then there is no criminal liability. CAUSATION AND NEGLIGENCE The difficulty of causation arises very often n cases of negligence. It has t be established that first, the conduct of the person was negligent and secondly, that but for the negligent act of accused, the accident would not have occurred. In other words, the actus reus should be causally connected to the act, which should be proved to be a negligent. In order to impose criminal liability under S 304A, IPC, it is essential to establish that death is the direct result of the rash or (and) negligent act of the accused. It must be causa causans – the immediate cause and not enough that it may be quasa sine qua non, ie, proximate cause. There can be no conviction when rashness or negligence of third party intervenes. In Suleman rahiman mulani v state of Maharashtra the Supreme Court has approved his rule. In Suleman rahiman mulani the accused who was driving the jeep struck the deceased, as a result of which he sustained serious injuries. The ccused put the injured person in the jeep for medical treatment, but he died. Thereafter, the accused cremated the body. The accused was charged under s304A and 201 of the IPC. As per s 304A, there must be direct nexus between the death of a person and rash and negligent act of the accused that caused the death of the deceased. It was the case of the prosecution of the accused had possesse d only a learner’s license and hence was guilty of causing the death of the deceased. The court held that there was no presumption in law that a person who possesses only a learner’s license or possesses no license at all, does not know driving. A person could for various reasons, including sheer indifference, might not have been taken a regular license . there was evidence to show that the accused had driven the jeep to various places on the previous day of occurrence. So before the accused convicted under s304A, there must a proof that the accused drove in a rash and negligent manner and death was a direct consequence of such rash and negligent manner. In the absence of such evidence no offence under s 304A was made out. The accused was acquitted of the charges. MINIMAL CAUSATION When death of a person is caused after medical treatment, it cannot be said that the treatment was not proper or inadequate, or had better treatment been given, the death would not have taken place. This is because, the intervention of the doctor is in the nature of minimum causation and hence its intervention would have played only a minor part, if any, in causing death. As far as the IPC is concerned, explanation 2 of s 299 specifically states that if an act causes death, even death could have been avoided by proper remedies and skilful treatment, the act shall be deemed to have caused death and the person will be criminally liable. If death results from an injury voluntarily caused, the person who causes the injury, therefore, is deemed to have caused the death, although the life of victim might have been saved if proper medical treatment, provided that it was administered in good faith by a competent physician or surgeon. In Moti singh v state of uttar Pradesh the deceased gayacharan had received two gunshot wounds in the abdomen which were dangerous to life. The injury was received on February 1960. There was no evidence when he was discharged from the hospital and whether he had fully recovered or not. He, however, died on march 1 1960. His body was cremated without post mortem being done. The supreme court held that the two gunshot injuries were dangerous to life were not sufficient for holding that gyancharans death, which took place about three weeks after the incident, was on account of the injuries received by him. The court observed that in order to prove the charges on gyancharans murder, it was necessary to establish that he had died on account of injuries received on him. Since, the was no evidence to establish the cause of death, the accused could not be said to have caused the death of gyancharan. A crucial aspect highlighted by the court in the case was that the connection between the primary cause and the death should not be too remote. CONCLUSION Causation is a complex topic, with which we have been able to deal only brief here. Proof of causation is often said to be an essential precondition of criminal liability, but there is reason to doubt the generality of that requirement, notably in respect of accomplice liability and vicarious criminal liability. Rather than insisting on a universal requirement of causation, it may be preferable to argue that liability should be negatived, in general, by the voluntary intervening act of another. Several criticisms of the judicial approach to three exceptional categories of case hace been advanced above. Often the explanations given by the courts are unconvincing. Whilst the traditional or standard causal theory emphasizes the significance of the last voluntary act, there is no reluctance to took wider or to massage the term ‘voluntary’ in certain situations, especially where D clearly stated that the sequence of events by doing a wrongful act. The challenge is to re-examine the intuitions that lead judges and others to their conclusions (the wrongful act theory, the approach to medical mistakes etc. ) with a view to constructing a law that ensures that the courts respect the various principles . BIBLIOGRAPHY 1. P. S. A. Pillai – Criminal law 2. Glanville Williams book on criminal law 3. www. lawteacher. com [ 1 ]. Page 427, principles of criminal law, Glanville williams [ 2 ]. Duff, criminal attempts, 317-20 Glanville Williams [ 3 ]. 65 CR App R 161. [ 4 ]. (1983) 2 AC 161 [ 5 ]. Criticisms by jc smith (1982) Crim LR 527 and 724, and D. Husak, philosophy of criminal law(1987), 176-8 [ 6 ]. See I. M Kennedy, Treat me right (1988) 169-74 [ 7 ]. (1993) AC 789 [ 8 ]. 4 ALL ER 961 [ 9 ]. Emery (1993) 14 Cr App R (s) 394, aand the new duty by the domestic violence, crime and victims act 2004. [ 10 ]. Glanville Williams, ‘criminal law- causation’) [ 11 ]. Rustom sherior Irani v state of Maharashtra(1969) ACC Cj 79 (SC) [ 12 ]. Md rangawalla v state of mahaarashtra AIR 1965 [ 13 ]. However a driver is expected to anticipate reasonably foreseeable negligent act to road users as contributory negligence has no application in criminal law. [ 14 ]. Re san pai (1936) 14 rang 643

Statistics and Data Essay Sample free essay sample

Statisticss is the survey of the aggregation. organisation. analysis. reading and presentation of informations. It deals with all facets of this. including the planning of informations aggregation in footings of the design of studies and experiments. A statistician is person who is peculiarly well-versed in the ways of believing necessary for the successful application of statistical analysis. Such people have frequently gained experience through working in any of a broad figure of Fieldss. Some consider statistics to be a mathematical organic structure of scientific discipline pertaining to the aggregation. analysis. reading or account. and presentation of informations. while others consider it a subdivision of mathematics concerned with collection and construing informations. Because of its empirical roots and its focal point on applications. statistics is normally considered to be a distinguishable mathematical scientific discipline instead than a subdivision of mathematics. Much of statistics is non-mathematical: ensuring that informations aggregation is undertaken in a manner that allows valid decisions to be drawn ; coding and file awaying of informations so that information is retained Statisticians improve the quality of informations by coming up with a specific design of experiments and study sampling. Statisticss itself besides provides tools for anticipation and calculating the usage of informations and statistical theoretical accounts. Statistics is applicable to a broad assortment of academic subjects. including natural and societal scientific disciplines. authorities. and concern. Statistical advisers are available to supply aid for organisations and companies without direct entree to expertise relevant to their peculiar inquiries. History of Statisticss:The usage of statistical methods dates back at least to the fifth century BC. The earliest authorship on statistics was found in a ninth century book entitled: â€Å"Manuscript on Decoding Cryptographic Messages† . written by Al-Kindi. In his book. he gave a elaborate description of how to utilize statistics and frequence analysis to decode encrypted messages. this was the birth of both statistics and cryptanalytics. harmonizing to the Saudi applied scientist Ibrahim Al-Kadi Importance of Statistics in our Life: Statisticss is a really effectual tool. in which you look at past informations from studies or nose count or merely recorded information over a period of clip. It is of import because utilizing stats you can see past informations to assist do concern determinations or determinations within any workplace. You can make a statistical trial to happen out if a new thought or concern determinations should be considered or rejected. It is a systematic attack to probes during which numerical information is collected and/or the research worker transforms what is collected or observed into numerical informations. It frequently describes a state of affairs or event. replying the ‘what’ and ‘how many’ inquiries you may hold about something. This is research which involves mensurating or numbering properties ( i. e. measures ) . A quantitative attack is frequently concerned with happening grounds to either support or belie an thought or hypothesis you might hold. A hypothesis is where a predicted reply to a research inquiry is proposed Once you have collected your informations you need to do sense of the responses you have got back. Quantitative information analysis enables you to do sense of informations by: * organizing them* summarizing them* making explorative analysisAnd to pass on the significance to others by showing informations as:* tabular arraies* graphical shows* drumhead statistics quantitative research methodological analysis frequently allows research workers to place a cause and consequence relationship. Another advantage is that quantitative informations reveal measurings that provide meaningful information about the topic ( s ) of survey. The Numberss and statistics used in quantitative research let one to do illations and ratings about the topic ( s ) of survey. Statistics is a subdivision of applied mathematics which includes the planning. summarizing. and interpretation of unsure observations. Because the purpose of statistics is to bring forth the â€Å"best† information from available informations. some writers make statistics a subdivision of determination theory. As a theoretical account of entropy or ignorance. chance theory plays a critical function in the development of statistical theory. We describe our cognition ( and ignorance ) mathematically and try to larn more from whatever we can detect. This requires us to 1. Plan our observations to command their variableness ( experiment design ) . 2. Sum up a aggregation of observations to have their commonalty by stamp downing inside informations ( descriptive statistics ) . and 3. Reach consensus about what the observations tell us about the universe we observe ( statistical illation ) . In some signifiers of descriptive statistics. notably informations excavation. the 2nd and 3rd of these stairss become so outstanding that the first measure ( be aftering ) appears to go less of import. In these subjects. informations frequently are collected outside the control of the individual making the analysis. and the consequence of the analysis may be more an operational theoretical account than a consensus study about the universe. The chance of an event is frequently defined as a figure between one and zero instead than a per centum. In world nevertheless there is virtually nil that has a chance of 1 or 0. You could state that the Sun will surely lift in the forenoon. but what if an highly improbable event destroys the Sun? What if there is a atomic war and the sky is covered in ash and fume? We frequently round the chance of such things up or down because they are so likely or improbable to happen. that it’s easier to acknowledge them as a chance of one or zero. However. this can frequently take to misinterpretations and unsafe behaviour. because people are unable to separate between. e. g. . a chance of 10-4 and a chance of 10-9. despite the really practical difference between them. If you expect to traverse the route about 105 or 106 times in your life. so cut downing your hazard per route traversing to 10-9 will do you safe for your whole life. while a hazard per route crossing of 10-4 will do it really likely that you will hold an accident. despite the intuitive feeling that 0. 01 % is a really little hazard. Some scientific disciplines use applied statistics so extensively that they have specialized nomenclature. These subjects include: BiometricssBusiness statisticsEconomic statisticsEngineering statisticsPopulation statisticsPsychological statisticsSocial statistics ( for all the societal scientific disciplines )Procedure analysis and Chemometrics ( for analysis of informations from analytical chemical science and chemical technology ) Statisticss form a cardinal footing tool in concern and fabrication every bit good. It is used to understand measurement systems variableness. control processes ( as in â€Å"statistical procedure control† or SPC ) . for sum uping informations. and to do data-driven determinations. In these functions it is a cardinal tool. and possibly the lone dependable tool. For a broader survey. affecting a greater figure of topics. and heightening the generalization of the consequences can let for greater objectiveness and truth of consequences. Generally. quantitative methods are designed to supply sum-ups of informations that support generalizations about the phenomenon under survey. In order to carry through this. quantitative research normally involves few variables and many instances. and employs prescribed processs to guarantee cogency and dependability Using criterions means that the research can be replicated. and so analysed and compared with similar surveies. Kruger ( 2003 ) confirms that ‘quantitative methods allow us to sum up huge beginnings of information and facilitate comparings across classs and over clip Practical Application of Statistics:Quantitative methods are ideally suited for happening out who. what. when and where. The thing that I have learn from Quantitative Method is that it is truly utile in our day-to-day life. We can foremost use the Sinking Fund in our bank history. it would assist us to happen out the money that we had deposit into the bank and cipher the future value of the money we will hold in history. So we could really foretell what we could afford in the average clip and in the hereafter. Amortization. this is besides really utile is because of its will finally associate to our day-to-day life. For illustration. the auto we bought. we would hold this big sum of money to purchase the auto by hard currency. so we would non hold borrow the money from the bank. The bank will come out with a series of payment that you have to pay in the peculiar clip given every month. To guarantee that the bank did non hold any error. we own self could cipher or foretell the sum that we have to pay. Applications of statistics in day-to-day life Statistics is the aggregation of informations and its representation or reading. Statisticss use three agencies of comparing through the informations mean. average A ; manner. Practical application of these three are as follows: * It helps instructors to see the mean Markss of the pupils. * It is used in mills. for the Mean governments to acknowledge whether the benefits of the workers is continued or non. * It is besides used to contrast the wages of the workers. To cipher the mean velocity of anything. * It is besides used by the authorities to happen the income or disbursals of any individual. * Using this the household could equilibrate their disbursals with their mean income. * It is used to mensurate the distribution of the net incomes Used to happen the participants height e. g. football participants. * To happen the in-between age from the category pupils. Besides used to happen the poorness line.* It is used to influx of the public conveyance.* The no. of games succeeded by any squad of participants.* The frequence of the demand of babies.* Used to happen the figure of the manner is besides seen in computation of the rewards.* in the patients traveling to the infirmaries. the manner of travel etc. * Product selling* Clothing sizes* Average income* Gambling* Car fix* Climate figures* Game shows* Airplane clang figures* Product testing and fabricationThe statistics is the footing for about all the activities of persons. group. society. community and state. For illustration: – Literacy rate ;– Below poorness line people ;– Employment position ;– Satisfaction degree for any activity ;– Exit polls ;– Average rain autumn ;– Average temperatures during different seasons ;– Average rainfall for building House. edifice or office etc.– Earth temblor statistics ;– All insurance activities are based on statistics ;– Hazard pickings and its anticipations ;– Petroleum geographic expedition ;– Monsoon activity in the part ; – Election. Election analysis– Height of pupils in this category– Students’ penchant for coca-cola vs. pepsi-cola– Number of siblings of persons– Amount paid for last haircut– Gender dislocation– Students’ conjectures The first ground is to be able to efficaciously carry on research. Without the usage of statistics it would be really hard to do determinations based on the informations collected from a research undertaking. For illustration. in the survey cited in Chapter One. is the difference in recorded absenteeism between psychiatric and OBs nurses big plenty to reason that there is meaningful difference in absenteeism between the two units? There are two possibilities: The first possibility is that the difference between the two groups is a consequence of opportunity factors. In world. the two occupations have about the same sum of absenteeism. The 2nd possibility is that there is a existent difference between the two units with the psychiatric unit being more nurses losing work. Without statistics we have no manner of doing an educated determination between the two possibilities. Statistics. nevertheless. provides us with a tool to do an educated determination. We will be able to make up ones mind which of the two possibilities is more likely to be true. We will establish this determination on our cognition of chance and illative statistics. The 2nd ground to analyze statistics is to be able to read diaries. Most proficient diaries you will read incorporate some signifier of statistics. Normally. you will happen them in something called the consequences subdivision. Without an apprehension of statistics. the information contained in this subdivision will be meaningless. An apprehension of basic statistics will supply you with the cardinal accomplishments necessary to read and measure most consequences subdivisions. The ability to pull out intending from journal articles and the ability to critically measure research from a statistical position are cardinal accomplishments that will heighten your cognition and apprehension in related coursework. The 3rd ground is to further develop critical and analytic thought accomplishments. Most pupils finishing high school and introductory undergraduate coursework have at their disposal a assortment of critical thought and analytic accomplishments. The survey of statistics will function to heighten and farther develop these accomplishments. To make good in statistics one must develop and utilize formal logical thought abilities that are both high degree and originative. The 4th ground to analyze statistics is to be an informed consumer. Like any other tool. statistics can be used or misused. Yes. it is true that some persons do actively lie and misdirect with statistics. More frequently. nevertheless. good intending persons accidentally report erroneous statistical decisions. If you know some of the basic statistical constructs. you will be in a better place to measure the information you have been given. The 5th ground to hold a on the job cognition of statistics is to cognize when you need to engage a statistician. Most of us know plenty about our autos to cognize when to take it into the store. Normally. we don’t try the fix ourselves because we don’t want to do any irreparable harm. Besides. we try to cognize plenty to be able to transport on an apprehensible conversation with the machinist ( or we take person with us who can ) to see that we don’t acquire a whole new engine ( large vaulting horses ) when all we need is a new fuel filter ( a few vaulting horses ) . We should be the same manner about engaging a statistician. Conducting research is clip devouring and expensive. If you are in over your statistical caput. it does non do sense to put on the line an full undertaking by trying to calculate the information analyses yourself. It is really east to calculate uncomplete or inappropriate statistical analysis of one’s informations. As with the machin ist discussed above. it is besides of import to hold adequate statistical understanding to be able to discourse your undertaking and the information analyses you want computed with the statistician you hire. In other words. you want to be able to do certain that your statistician is on the right path. To sum up. the five grounds to analyze statistics are to be able to efficaciously carry on research. to be able to read and measure diary articles. to farther develop critical thought and analytic accomplishments. to move a an informed consumer. and to cognize when you need to engage outside statistical aid. Statisticss is the art of pulling decisions about phenomena in which opportunity plays a function. The entropy may originate through a assortment of grounds: the intrinsic random nature of a phenomenon. ineluctable noise in an experiment. witting randomisation of experimental or measurement units. or as a best estimate to world. The opportunity phenomena occur in a wide scope of state of affairss. This has rendered statistical scientific discipline a extremely multidisciplinary project. but with a nucleus organic structure of constructs and methods that are common to the diverse applications. The maestro path in Statistical Science provides pupils with a thorough debut to the general doctrine and methodological analysis of statistical modeling and information analysis. and offers two specialisations: into the applications of statistical methods to the life scientific disciplines and to the behavioral scientific disciplines. severally. Statisticss play an of import function in about country of life now a yearss but in the field of economic sciences that affects our lives the maximal statistics play a critical function. This function lies in the fact that economic science depends upon statistics in connexion with the preparation of economic sciences Torahs and theories. There are chiefly three grounds for its dependance: First. the economic Torahs relate to multitudes and tend to depict the behaviours of 1000s of people. Statistics aid in depicting that behaviour. Second. economic Torahs can be stated in a scientific manner merely when based on statistical informations. The illustration consists of the Torahs of supply and demand. Third. an economic phenomenon can non be subjected to experimentation. for this ground the method of survey is to be statistical instead than experimental. In order to do planning realistic in any economic system the aims are set in quantitative footings. Statistics aid in visualising the mark quantitatively and measuring the accomplishments. This in bend helps in our determination devising in every field which includes concern and other finance determinations as good. Statisticss helps in pulling general decisions and in doing anticipations of how much of a thing will go on in given status. Statistical techniques being powerful tools for analysing numerical informations. are used in about every subdivision of larning. In biological and physical scientific discipline. genetic sciences. scientific agriculture. anthropometry. uranology. natural philosophies. geology etc are the chief countries where statistical techniques have been developed and are progressively used. Statistics is used in sum uping the largest sets of informations in a signifier that is easy apprehensible. Statistics is an effectual planning in any field of enquiry. Statistics is used in sum uping the larger sets of informations in a signifier that is easy apprehensible. Statistics aids in a effectual planning in any field of enquiry. A modern disposal whether in public or private sector. tilts on statistical informations to supply a factual footing for determination. A societal sc ientist uses statistical methods in assorted countries of socio-economic life of a state. Statistical techniques being powerful tools for analysing numerical informations. are used in about every subdivision of larning. With the aid of statistics we can pull general decisions. A concern adult male. an industrialist and a research worker all employ statistical methods in their work. Furthermore. in election polling. systems are besides based on statistical methods. The common type of statistics that we can utilize in our day-to-day lives is: – Numerical Statisticss – Pictorial Statistics– Descriptive Statisticss– Sectoral Statistics– Private StatisticssThe interval of coach. the day-to-day figure of coach for each path. the exchanging clip of traffic light etc. . Statisticss as a topic allows pupils to research the usage of an array of diagrams in real-life informations state of affairss. such as box-and-whisker diagrams and stem-and-leaf diagrams. Besides in the course of study is larning complex. subject-specific vocabulary such as the ‘median’ . the ‘inter-quartile range’ . and ‘cumulative frequency’ . Once pupils have succeeded in deriving this land cognition. their techniques in roll uping informations in the signifier of questionnaires reasonably can be put to the trial in a two-hour test. As you can conceive of. this numeracy-heavy capable tends to be taken as a complement to GCSE Maths. which pupils will by and large be taking at a Higher degree when involved with this class. There can be considerable convergence between the two topics. significance that there is less to analyze. Statisticss on a school’s public presentation are besides of import in instruction. When parents are due to do their determinations on where their kids should larn for the following five to seven old ages. a school’s success rates in Maths. English and Science ( normally expressed as per centums ) . will be instrumental in their determination evaluation. In Further Education. there are besides statistics used to demo how many pupils are accomplishing As and Bs in certain topics. This can be of import for hiking the morale of pupils. demoing them that they excessively could be one of the strongest performing artists in an scrutiny environment. Statisticss is chiefly a job work outing field of survey and cognition. Statisticians should hold a thrust and desire to work out mathematical and informations jobs. and should acquire satisfaction from working towards a solution. A good statistician should non experience beaten or defeated by a job. even if it appears hard – alternatively. they should lift to the challenge of coming up with the solution. Statisticss is besides all about apprehension and construing informations. A good cognition of mathematics is evidently indispensable. but statistics besides requires strong communicating accomplishments in order to discourse informations and any jobs environing it. Statisticians normally work within a squad. for illustration. with other statisticians. or as advisors to concerns. so they need to be able to pass on efficaciously with others within a professional environment. In add-on. hard jobs require a squad attempt. and in order to to the full understand the information at manus. communicating may be indispensable. Furthermore. statistics is about being knowing in general. Statistics is non normally an stray field – as I said above. statisticians normally work within concerns or companies. Therefore. they need a good cognition base about the field in which they work. whether it be manner. nutrient. medical specialty or cars. Strong cognition about your specific field allows a statistician to construe informations more accurately. and pull more dependable and applicable decisions from the informations in order to profit the company or concern. Statisticians besides work closely with calculating engineering. so should be well-versed an experienced in the latest information scheduling and forming engineering. Today. statisticians work with such huge sums of informations on such a regular footing that the function of computing machine engineering can non be ignored in the field of statistics. Statisticians should hence be non merely adept. but confident. in utilizing engineering and package and using it to peculiar sets of informations. Statistics is a mathematical scientific discipline affecting the aggregation. reading. analysis. and presentation of informations. It is frequently used to do anticipations based on informations. It is widely applicable in assorted societal and natural scientific disciplines every bit such as political scientific discipline and medical specialty every bit good as in concern such as the insurance industry. For illustration. statistics are a really of import portion of political runs as they lea d up to elections. Every clip a scientific canvass is taken. statistics are used to cipher and exemplify the consequences in per centums and to cipher the border for mistake. Statisticss are besides used in psychological science. People’s behaviour can be measured on a bell curve. Most people fall within acceptable scopes of the bell curve. However the people who fall outside â€Å"the norm† or on the â€Å"fringe† of the bell curve may be considered unstable. Statisticss are really of import in assorted facets of concern ; a terrific illustration is the insurance industry. It is the occupation of an actuarial scientist to find how long people will populate ( statistically ) . how likely they are to hold an accident. and how likely is it their place will fire down or be damaged in a hurricane? These hazards are all rated based entirely on statistical informations and policies are priced consequently. As stated earlier. Statistics is a subject that has finds application in the most diverse Fieldss of activity. It is possibly a topic that should be used by everybody. Statistical techniques being powerful tools for analysing numerical informations are used in about every subdivision of larning. In all countries. statistical techniques are being progressively used. and are developing really quickly. I. A modern decision maker whether in public or private sector leans on statistical informations to supply a factual footing for determination. Ii. A politician uses statistics well to impart support and acceptance to his statements while clarifying the jobs he handles. Iii. A man of affairs. an industrial and a research worker all employ statistical methods in their work. Banks. Insurance companies and Government all have their statistics sections. Iv. A societal scientist uses statistical methods in assorted countries of socio-economic life a state. It is sometimes said that â€Å"a societal scientist without an equal apprehension of statistics. is frequently like the blind adult male fumbling in a dark room for a black cat that is non there† . Well the great thing about statistics is that it is merely approximately everyplace. When you say ‘other fields’ I am presuming you mean. other than at a larning degree in school/college. Expression in a newspaper. you will see stat for athleticss. conditions. Election polls. the consequence of the dollar bead on GDP and the rising prices rate. You can utilize it for engendering animate beings. and gauge a really educated conjecture on engendering success rates and the likes. This is one topic that is used merely approximately every where.Although the promotion of medical specialty has prolonged and improved the life of many people over the old ages. it is of import to retrieve that it is non an exact scientific discipline. While some interventions do look to offer a complete ‘cure’ for any peculiar complaint universally. the huge bulk of medicative interventions do non. As such. it is of import that statistics are used in medical specialty in order to warrant the development and subsequent usage of a peculiar drug or intervention ; every bit good as placing in the first topographic point whether it is holding the coveted consequence at all. At the bosom of the usage of statistics in medical specialty is the apparently unsurmountable job that everybody is different. Not merely in a psychological sense. but a physiological sense excessively. While human existences may portion similar variety meats. tissues and chemical compounds ; how they are bonded. how we are composed and the effects different drugs have on the person can be radically different from one individual to the following. Therefore. to mensurate the effectivity of any signifier of medicine. it is of import to run tests where a broad assortment of topics are administered the drug. First. this helps bet on the effectivity of the medical specialty when compared to. for illustration. a placebo. Subsequent statistical analysis can besides give medical professionals and pharmaceutical companies the information they need to judge whether the medical specialty is an effectual intervention for the bulk of patients ; and whether it is a cost-efficient solution to a peculiar complaint. Furthermore. one time initial surveies have been concluded and analyzed statistically. follow up surveies can be initiated to look into the initial statistical findings ; supplying farther grounds as to the effectivity of any signifier of intervention. To briefly summarize ; we use statistics in medical specialty to guarantee that the attention provided plants and is to the benefit of as many people as possible. with as few damaging affects possible. Many open uping medical finds such as remedies for infective diseased were found by physicians with an involvement in statistics. foregrounding the increasing importance of statistics in medical specialty today. The presence of statistics can be observed in many Fieldss of wellness attention and medical specialty. such as genetic sciences where it is implemented to find possible indexs of familial abnormalcies. such as birth defect and aging. It is besides used in clinical tests for public wellness to name disease. happen new ways in which to forestall disease. prolong life. and promote wellness. Epidemiology uses statistics to cipher malignant neoplastic disease incident rates. proctor disease eruptions and proctor alterations in health-related behaviors such as smoke and physical act ivity. Besides. statistics is used in pharmaceutics to work in drugs find and development and to guarantee the cogency and truth of findings at all phases of the procedure Statistics is of import for all sorts of activities. By statistics you may think the efficiency of something. Statistics ever assist us to hold a calculating premise over something. In medical specialty. through the proper usage of stat you can detect how much effectual a peculiar drugs over a peculiar disease and therefore you can be more accurate in taking your determination. Medical statistics provide utile information about. for illustration. incidence of disease ( epidemiology ) versus prevalence. transmittal rates of catching infections. bunch of diseases. mortality rates and so on. Statisticss can be used to be after for intercessions. including the figure and type of staff who need to be deployed to an country. the financess and other physical resources which need to be attributed to cover with what is happening. Medical statistics are critical for clinical research. forensic medical specialty and public wellness. To keep balance in commercialism and the supply of mundane demand of every citizen. For illustration. nose count are conducted to cognize how many citizen there is. Besides the authorities keeps statistics on car accidents. together with private companies supervising statistics of gross revenues to maintain up supplying for every demand in all countries. Like most people. you likely feel that it is of import to â€Å"take control of your life. † But what does this mean? Parly it means being able to properly measure the informations and claims that bombard you every twenty-four hours. If you can non separate good from defective concluding. so you are vulnerable to use and to determinations that are non in your best involvement. Statistics provides tools that you need in order to respond intelligently to information you hear or read. In this sense. statistics is one of the most of import capable affair that you of all time study. To be more specific. here are some claims that we have heard on several occasions. ( We are non stating that each one of these claims is true! ) * 4 out of 5 tooth doctors recommend Dentyne * About 85 % of lung malignant neoplastic diseases in work forces and 45 % in adult females are tobacco-related. * Condoms are effectual 94 % of the clip.* Native Americans are significantly more likely to be hit traversing the streets than are people of other ethnicities. * Peoples tend to be more persuasive when they look others straight in the oculus and speak aloud and rapidly. * Women make 75 cents to every dollar a adult male makes when they work the same occupation. * A surprising new survey shows that eating egg Whites can increase one’s lifetime. * People predict that it is really improbable there will of all time be another baseball participant with a batting norm over 400. * There is an 80 % opportunity that in a room full of 30 people that at least two people will portion the same birthday. * 79. 48 % of all statistics are made up on the topographic point. All of these claims are statistical in character. We suspect that some of them sound familiar ; if non. we bet that you have heard other claims like them. Notice how diverse the illustrations are. They come from psychological science. wellness. jurisprudence. athleticss. concern. etc. Indeed. informations and data-interpretation show up in discourse from virtually every aspect of modern-day life. We live in the Information Age where we understand a great trade about the universe around us. Much of this information was determined mathematically by utilizing statistics. When used right. statistics tell us any tendencies in what happened in the past and can be utile in foretelling what may go on in the hereafter. † Some more practical application of statistics are:Upwind Prognosiss:In weather prognosis computing machine theoretical accounts are built utilizing statistics that compare anterior conditions conditions with current conditions to foretell future conditions. Geneticss:Many people are afflicted with diseases that come from their familial makeup and these diseases can potentially be passed on to their kids. Statisticss are critical in finding the opportunities of a new babe being affected by the disease. Consumer Goods: Wal-Mart a worldwide taking retail merchant. keeps path of everything they sell and use statistics to cipher what to transport to each shop and when. Quality Testing:Companies make 1000s of merchandises every twenty-four hours and each company must take certain that a good quality point is sold. But company can’t test each and every point that they ship to the consumer. So the company uses statistics to prove merely a few. called a sample. of what they make. Stock Market: Stock analysts besides use statistical computing machine theoretical accounts to calculate what is go oning in the economic system.Decision:Statisticss has come to play an of import function in about every field of life and human activity. There is barely any field where statistical informations or statistical methods are used for one intent or the other our reaching in this universe and going from here are recorded as statistical informations someplace and in same signifier. Statisticss Undertaking:Sujal Madan – Roll No. 89MFM ( 2012 – 2015 ) Contentss: * Definition of Statisticss* Importance of Statistics* Practical Application of Statistics* Decision

Think It Through Why You Need Thought Leadership Now

THINK IT THROUGH: WHY YOU NEED THOUGHT LEADERSHIP NOW You’re thinking about retirement. You pick up a magazine, read some articles, and then call an investor. You’re looking for ways to better manage your team at work. You get an email about team management with a link to a blog post. It has some great ideas that will work for your situation. You are researching IT solutions for your company. You find plenty of articles online and quickly find a company that can help. These are all examples of encountering thought leadership. Whole Foods, Ford, Vanguard, and J.P. Morgan are all companies investing in thought leadership to connect with businesses and customers on a relational level and turn business transactions into an ongoing conversation. Thought leadership builds trust with customers and turns one-off transactions into a lifelong company loyalty. What is thought leadership, exactly? A thought leader is, simply, an expert. It can be a single person or an entire business, so long as their expertise is recognized by others in their field. The term dates to the late 1880s, when abolitionist Henry Ward Beecher was described as one of America’s great thought leaders, but it has become popularized in contemporary business jargon over the past 30 years. And there’s an added component: published works. David Rosenbaum is Editor-in-Chief for The Bloom Group. Since 1998, the company has helped businesses establish themselves as thought leaders with articles published in Harvard Business Review, Forbes.com, Sloan Management Review, and more. The Bloom Group counts consulting firms, Big 4 accounting firms, IT companies, and others among its clients. â€Å"Thought leadership is simply demonstrating expertise in an area by publishing articles about it,† Rosenbaum said in an exclusive interview. Before working with The Bloom Group, Rosenbaum was a senior editor at CFO Magazine and editor-in-chief of Boston Magazine. He broke down the necessary components for true thought leadership into four categories. Articles need to: solve business problems in a new way say something novel be realistic be supported by data and real-world examples â€Å"That’s why it’s so hard,† Rosenbaum said. â€Å"It has to be novel, it has to be supported by real world examples, it has to be realistic. It’s not advertising.† By publishing articles in a specialized field, thought leaders can emerge as experts in that field. By identifying problems and proposing solutions, thought leaders prove themselves to readers, who then seek out these thought leaders for future business. Why is thought leadership important? With effective thought leadership, a potential client will read about an innovative idea in an article published by a thought leader. Then, the client will seek out the thought leader’s expertise to solve that problem. That article could be in any field: banking, information technology, or manufacturing. Rosenbaum shared an example of one of his client’s real-world successes. After a life science company published a series of articles in a specialized field publication, the company’s chief marketing officer reported the articles led to more than a million dollars in additional sales. Establishing itself as a thought leader – illustrating how to solve business problems with novel, realistic ideas, supported by real-world examples – directly impacted the company’s bottom line. While important in business-to-consumer relationships (B2C), thought leadership is especially critical in business-to-business (B2B) relationships. Thought leadership can lead the way for innovative content marketing, an area many businesses are expanding. Thought leadership is crucial in today’s business environment. As the business climate transitions from a knowledge-based to a wisdom-based economy, emphasis is placed on trust, transparency, and collaboration, and adding value in every aspect of the client relationship. Thought leadership yields different rewards at each stage of the process. In early stages, corporations expand their reach, and can expect more inbound inquiries from clients seeking solutions to business problems. After early stages of development, a thought leadership campaign might encourage faster sales cycles and larger deals, expanding the company’s depth. The later stages of thought leadership produce established relationships, with increased customer loyalty and enduring lifetime value. Who can be thought leaders? Thought leaders can be executives, subject-matter experts (SMEs), or a corporation as a whole. To become a thought leader, qualified individuals or businesses should: Define their brand: What is the brand’s enduring idea? How will it differentiate itself from competition? Who is the brand’s target audience? Possess legitimate experience and insights in their subject matter. Manage a thought leadership profile by identifying: subject-matter expertise, methodology, audience, industry pain points, industry opportunities, ideal media goals. Write: Publish a blog or articles in the field. Seek out speaking opportunities: Offer to participate in discussion panels or give a keynote address, and provide information the audience needs and can use. Blog and use social media: Use blogs, Twitter, Facebook, LinkedIn, or other social media to interact with the community. Post information about publications, speaking engagements, and interviews. Build trustworthy relationships with the community: Publish honestly and truthfully. Initiate and cultivate media relationships: Get to know journalists and editors and provide them with leads, stories, insights, and quotes. Control their online identity: Use social media platforms carefully and consistently to maintain the brand. Commit to thought leadership: Making a commitment to generous and transparent knowledge-sharing can set thought leaders apart from the competition, and is another form of corporate social responsibility. Committing to ongoing thought leadership can help businesses stay relevant. What are some examples of thought leadership? The financial services firm J.P. Morgan brands its expertise as â€Å"Institutional Asset Management Thought Leadership.† Here’s how the firm meets Rosenbaum’s criteria for thought leadership by 1) saying something novel, 2) giving proof through data and real-world examples, 3) solving business problems in a new way, and 4) being realistic. 1) First, the firm says something novel by inviting readers to delve into its compelling insights and discover the firm’s best thinking on money markets. White papers, insights, survey reports, market guides, and the retirement-focused Journey Magazine educate and draw in, further establishing the firm as a thought leader. 2) Next, the organization supports its authority within its specialized field with real-world case studies. 3) The firm makes a case for leading the way in solving business problems, like retirement saving. 4) Finally, the company stays realistic, like this report on oil’s relationship to the market. These examples show how J.P. Morgan has established itself as a thought leader by publishing a unique, informed perspective and authority on industry issues in order to play a guiding role as experienced professionals sharing insights. The information is useful and relevant, packaged for easy consumption, applicable and useful, and speaks to its audience’s daily reality. Honest and truthful publication that draws in clients can establish businesses or individuals as thought leaders in their specialized field. With commitment and time, thought leadership can help propel brands to success. â€Å"All big businesses tend to use thought leadership to market their expertise,† said Rosenbaum. â€Å"If companies keep spending money on it†¦ it’s working.† Up next: Thought Leadership How-To

Learn About the Life and Death of Activist Chico Mendes

Learn About the Life and Death of Activist Chico Mendes Environmental activist Chico Mendes (1944-1988) spent his entire life living in and fighting for, the rainforests of his native Brazil and its inhabitants. But his commitment to preserving a sustainable way of life cost Mendes his own life.   Chico Mendes: Early Life Chico Mendes was born Francisco Alves Mendes Filho on December 15, 1944 in the small Brazilian village of Seringal Santa Fà ©, outside of Xapuri. His was a family of rubber tappers, people who make their living sustainably by tapping the sap of local rubber trees. Like many rural people, his family also supplemented their income by harvesting nuts and fruits from the rainforest. Mendes started working when he was nine years old, and never received any formal schooling until late in life; by some accounts, Mendes never learned to read until he was about 20 years old. Some of his education was influenced by Euclides Fernandes Tavora, described as a middle-class Communist who, in the 60s, was on the run from Brazils military. Tavora introduced Mendes to books, newspapers and labor unions. Mendes and Organized Labor Mendes began to organize rubber tappers in the region, and he was soon elected president of the Xapuri Rubber Tappers Union. Mendes was also instrumental in organizing Brazils National Council of Rubber Tappers in the mid-1980s; he was soon elected leader of the group. There was (and still is) immense economic pressure, however, to clear the rainforest for cattle grazing. Despite evidence that harvesting the forests rubber, fruits, nuts and other commodities is a more sustainable practice that creates more income over a longer period of time, clear-cutting the rainforest was occurring at an accelerating rate in the 1980s. When 130 ranchers expelled some 100,000 tappers from the rainforest, Mendes and his laborers fought back, rallying whole families to stand in front of chainsaws and block bulldozers. Their efforts met with some success and attracted the attention of the international environmental community. Mendes was placed on the United Nations Environmental Program Global 500 Roll of Honor Award in 1987; he also won the National Wildlife Federations National Conservation Achievement Award in 1988. Mendes vs. Ranchers and Loggers When rancher Darly Alves da Silva attempted to clear-cut an area of rainforest that was planned as a nature preserve in 1988, Mendes succeeded in stopping the planned logging and created the preserve. Mendes also gained a warrant for da Silvas arrest for a murder he had committed in another state. For his efforts, Chico Mendes and his family received constant death threats in 1988, Mendes himself predicted he wouldnt live past Christmas. And on the night of December 22, 1988, Chico Mendes was shot to death by a single shotgun blast outside his familys house. Mendes was the 19th activist to be murdered in Brazil that year. Mendes murder sparked international outrage and massive protests in Brazil, eventually resulting in the arrest and conviction of Darly Alves da Silva, his son Darly Alves da Silva Jr., and a ranch hand, Jerdeir Pereia. The Legacy of Chico Mendes Partly as a result of Mendes murder, the Brazilian government stopped subsidizing logging and ranching operations and established many rubber preserves and nature reserves, including one named after the activist, Parque Chico Mendes. The World Bank, which once financed development in the rainforest, is now financing nature reserves that function as sustainable rubber plantations. But all is not well in the Brazilian rainforest, by most accounts. Clear-cutting continues, and according to some reports, fighting development in the rainforests of Brazil has cost some 1,000 activists their lives since 1988. Much work remains to be done to honor the legacy of Chico Mendes.

Alroy Drawer Runners Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Alroy Drawer Runners - Essay Example Alroy is a leader in the manufacture of metal drawer runners that are utilized on furnishings, custom cabinetry and any other product requiring efficient and no-slip drawer slides, hence creating a plethora of opportunities for capturing disparate markets and prospects. What makes Alroy products unique is their durability in construction and powder-coated covering that improves anti-corrosion capabilities and longevity over that of competing drawer runner manufacturers worldwide. Alroy Sheet Metal’s customer is Heritage Home Group LLC, a multi-national organization specializing in manufacture, design, distribution and retailing of a variety of home furnishings. Heritage is a very high-end producer and marketer of top quality, premium home products under the respected and well-known brand names such as Thomasville, Lane, Broyhill, Pearson and Drexel Heritage. The customer maintains a very broad group of retail channels that include branded retail stores, collaboration with world-renowned interior design agents, mass merchant retailers, and independent retail stores across the world. The relationship between Alroy salespersons and Heritage Home Group is one that is justified through a consultative selling model. Salespersons, in order to add value to the relationship and engage the customer effectively, ask a variety of strategic questions, utilize active listening skills, and illustrate a legitimate care and concern for their problems and needs. Relationship development involves more interactivity with customers, face-to-face selling practices, in which productive communications between seller and customer are critical to establishing trust and perceptions of competency in the salesperson and the corporate brand.  

Practical Anthropology and Moral Philosophy Distinction Essay

Practical Anthropology and Moral Philosophy Distinction - Essay Example The essay "Practical Anthropology and Moral Philosophy Distinction" presents the analysis of the difference between Kant’s moral philosophy and the empirical moral philosophy in terms of their principles and major determinants. The basis of finding the supreme moral principle should not be on the descriptive part but on the authoritative normative principle that is most fundamental in deciding human actions. Kant claims that morality commands human beings to be natural using the prior principles but never through the posterior ones. The two principles must be clearly distinguished in order to help determine what the conditional and the unconditional truths are as they may vary from species to species. What may be prudentially good to one person may not be so in another. The only way of justifying such a statement would be to analyze the moral philosophy and the empirical moral philosophy of the species concerned. Kant asserts that all moral theories prior to this fail to explain the categorical nature of moral obligation and to articulate a supreme moral principle that could capture the categorical nature of morality because those previous moral theories had neither recognized moral agents as autonomous nor recognized that the supreme moral principle must be self-legislated. The result of self-legislation in the previous theories on moral philosophy could only lead to hypothetical imperatives whereas Kant’s theory, solely based on the autonomy of legislation, could lead to categorical imperatives.

Architecture - Avant Garde Architectural Theory Essay

Architecture - Avant Garde Architectural Theory - Essay Example In the beginning of 1922, the Viennese Hungarian Activists were gaining victory. After banishing from Hungary they got together in Vienna. Earlier this year, some of them started to get cut off from Kassak and Ma, making their own groups. In impact of Russian Avant garde was the main cause for the Hungarian Activists to break from Dada and join International Constructivism. The Activist "artists and writers" were the main groups forming the Hungarian Avant garde during that time (Botar, 1993). Brutalism was a movement in architecture which flourished in the 1960s and 1970s. Pioneered in continental Europe by Le Corbusier, its main protagonists in Britain were the husband and wife team of Peter and Alison Smithson. The Smithsons were determined to preserve the best aspects of the heroic Modernism of Ludwig Mies Van Der Rohe and other early pioneers, and to save British Modernism from what they considered creeping whimsies. The term itself (often credited to the critic Reynar Banham) is perhaps unfortunate- suggesting as it does a type of building which is ugly and unfriendly, and its association with much of Britain's welfare state architecture has not helped the movement's reputation, at least in the eyes of the public (The New Architecture, 1955). Also in the research paper, one building and one piece of text will be analysed. The building to be analysed is the Hunstanton school, by Alison and Peter Smithson in Norfolk, Britain and the piece of text to be analysed is "Banham, Peter Rayner 1955-'The New Brutalism' from architecture review." After the Second World War, British Modernists were increasingly sought after by the authorities who wanted to rebuild a physically shattered country and enact social change through the construction of a cradle-to-grave welfare state. But the architecture of the early welfare state avoided the stringent Modernism advocated by the pre-war pioneers in CIAM, opting instead to ape the gentle style of Sweden's long established social architecture. The apotheosis of this 'humanist' Modernism came in 1951, with the Festival of Britain, centred on the South Bank in London. (The New Architecture, 1955) For Peter and Alison Smithson, modernism was not just that. They demanded a return to a more rigid, formal architecture and put their ideas to work with their Secondary School in Hunstanton, Norfolk, completed in 1954. At Hunstanton, the Smithsons made a virtue of the construction process of the building: structural and service elements were left exposed and the austere steel and glass frame gave the building a skeletal appearance. This "truth to materials" approach was anti-aesthetic, but, the Smithsons believed, more honest and true to Modernism's basic principles. Reynar Banham dubbed the school 'the New Brutalism', a movement which aimed, in his words, to "make the whole conception of the building plain and comprehensible. No mystery, no romanticism, no obscurities about function and circulation." In France, Le Corbusier was also experimenting with new ways of using the Modernists' favourite material, concrete. His "breton brut" (literally, "raw concrete") technique characterised his Unite d'Habitation in Marseilles: a giant housing block with shops and other

Determination of aspirin and caffeine

Determination of aspirin and caffeine Results: Identify and mark the signals in the spectra and note the chemical shift values of the methyl resonances in aspirin and caffeine and the methylene resonance in s-trioxane. Using above expression, calculate the weight of aspirin and caffeine in one tablet, and the percentage w/w of each component in one analgesic tablet. Whole tablet weighed = 0.501 Half tablet weighed = 0.270 Mass of s-trioxane = 0.05 RMM of aspirin = 180 RMM of caffeine = 194 RMM of s-trioxane = 90 No. of moles of components = component integral/no. of protons giving signal No. of moles of standard standard integral/ no. of protons giving signal To find out the weight and percentage w/w of Aspirin and Caffience following calculations were made: Aspirin: No of moles of components (x) = ? No of moles of standard = mass of s-trioxane / RMM of s-trioxane = 0.05 / 90 = 0.000555 Component integral = 202.72 No of protons giving signal = 3 Standard integral = 200 No of protons giving signal = 6 Putting values in the above eq.1: x / 0.000555 = (202.72/3) / (200/6) x/0.000555 = 67.57 / 33.33 x = 67.57 x 0.000555 / 33.33 x = 0.00113 moles Mass of aspirin = moles x RMM = 0.00113 x 180 = 0.203g = 203mg % w/w of aspirin in the tablet = mass of aspirin / mass of the tablet x 100 = 0.203 / 0.501 x 100 = 40.5% Caffeine: No of moles of components (x) = ? No of moles of standard = mass of s-trioxane / RMM of s-trioxane = 0.05 / 90 = 0.000555 Component integral = 14.0 No of protons giving signal = 3 Standard integral = 200 No of protons giving signal = 6 Putting values in the above eq.1: x / 0.000555 = (14.0/3) / (200/6) x/0.000555 = 4.66 / 33.33 x = 4.66 x 0.000555 / 33.33 x = 0.0000775 moles Mass of caffeine = moles x RMM = 0.000075 x 194 = 0.0145g = 14.5 mg % w/w of aspirin in the tablet = mass of aspirin / mass of the tablet x 100 = 0.0145 / 0.501 x 100 = 2.89% Discussion: Comment on the chemical shift positions of the methyl groups in aspirin and caffeine. Aspirin shows about 6 singlets in the spectrum, all in different environment. It has got one methyl group which gives rise to a singlet at ? 2.3498 as there are no neighbours and the n+1 rule is followed. It has integral of 3 as three protons are giving rise to the chemical shift at ? 2.3498. The four singlets between ? 7.1292 ? 8.1123 correspond to benzene ring protons. In aspirin there is a very broad singlet at ? 11.0082 due to the carbonyl next to hydroxyl proton which shifts it towards the left hand side. Caffeine has got three methyl groups which give rise to three singlets as all the three methyl groups are in different environments to each other. All the three peaks have integral of 3 which arises due to the three protons on each methyl groups. The first singlet at ? 3.4133 is due to the protons (a) next to nitrogen with single bond. The second singlet is seen at ? 3.5910 corresponding to protons(c) next to double bonded carbon and oxygen and the last methyl singlet (b) at ? 4.004 is due to the protons next to two double bonded oxygens attached to two carbons. There is also a singlet seen at ? 7.5172 that arises due to a single proton CH between two nitrogens. Compare your results to the contents claimed by the manufacturer and discuss any differences observed. How does this method compare with determinations by UV absorbance and HPLC. What are the NMR methods limitations? UV techniques are simple and rapid. It can be used for the quantitative determination of highly conjugated compounds and metal ions. Metal ions can be coloured and determined by UV. HPLC is a separation techniques used for compounds on basis of their rate of elution and can separate complex mixtures. HPLC analysis is very quick with high resolution. The stationary column can be used repeatedly for number of times. In HPLC analysis, automated instrumentation and quantitation can be used. It also has low sensitivity and accuracy. NMR is an expensive technique. Compared to UV and HPLC the instrumentation is more costly. The sample to be analyzed has to be free of any contaminants. It takes longer time as compared to the other techniques mentioned. In NMR the chemical shift corresponds to the structure of the molecule being analysed so for compounds with similar structures it is difficult to separate the signals. Also it is an insensitive technique. References: http://www.pg.gda.pl/chem/CEEAM/Dokumenty/Warsztaty/Levsen.pdf http://wiki.answers.com/Q/Advantages_and_disadvantages_of_HPLC http://www.answers.com/topic/hplc-high-performance-liquid-chromatography http://www-unix.oit.umass.edu/~mcclemen/581Proteins.html http://wapedia.mobi/en/Ultraviolet-visible_spectroscopy http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=Dvoeg3erhRECpg=PA297lpg=PA297dq=limitations+of+nmr+spectroscopysource=blots=ea8zhh6QdCsig=v3mtaKE11Git3TMIX06mK3KD3yIhl=enei=BStBS5abEJj20wTkg6mSBQsa=Xoi=book_resultct=resultresnum=6ved=0CBoQ6AEwBTgK#v=onepageq=limitations%20of%20nmr%20spectroscopyf=false

The Key Into Ketogenic Diets :: Health Fat Weight Loss Dieting Essays

The Key Into Ketogenic Diets Come on now...we have all done it. You know the feeling. You are walking down an aisle in the supermarket craving â€Å"bad†. Instead of going for the Oreo cookies you feel are loaded with fat, you opt for the Snackwells Fat Free Devils Food Cake Cookies and feel like you are a saint for making the least harmful choice. You feel great...that is until you get home, open the package, eat one cookie, then two...then in a matter of minutes the whole box has been consumed. But you think, its not that bad...no fat!!!! But, what about everything else in that box In the last couple of decades, dieting trends have astronomically increased. The average dieter has trained his or her ears and eyes to react to the word ‘fat’. Low fat, reduced fat, fat free- these are all words that until recently have set alarms off ringing in the typical dieter’s head. Recently, new vocabulary, such as ketogenic, ketosis, and low carbohydrate have stepped into the dieter’s world and questioned, or rather challenged, the ‘fat’ free method of dieting. So, after you have devoured the entire box of ‘fat’ free cookies perhaps you will ask yourself....WHAT ABOUT THE CARBOHYDRATES Ketogenics...Low-Carbohydrate...Ketosis...what does all this mean? Ketogenic diets, often called low-carbohydrate (low carb is slang), seem to be the latest diet trend. There are many different forms, all varying in different degrees. Ketogenic diets focus primarily on the limited intake of carbohydrates in the food pyramid. In order to clearly understand ketogenic diets, one must start with the basics-what are ketones and where are ketones found and produced What are ketones Ketose is any sugar that contains a ketone group. Ketone bodies are the normal physiological defenses in starvation. Ketone bodies are normal products of lipid and pyruvate and found within the liver. When an impaired or absent carbohydrate intake occurs, the body increases its production of ketone bodies and metabolizes them as an energy source. Ketogenesis, which is the production of ketone bodies occurs in ketogenic diets, resulting in a ketotic state( Miller-Keane 1997). So, â€Å"when the requirement for glucose cannot be met by other means, the tissues of the body rely increasingly on ketone bodies as an energy source† (Volpe 1983).

OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT RESPONSIBILITIES AND ISSUES

‘Operations Management as the procedure whereby resources, fluxing within a defined system, are combined and transformed by a controlled mode to add value in conformity with policies communicated by direction – Joseph G.MonksWhat is Operations Management?Operations direction is the concern map that is responsible for pull offing and organizing the resources needed to bring forth a company ‘s merchandises and services. All types of organisation must transport out operations direction because all organisations produce some mixture of merchandises and services. Operations direction is an of import factor in any organisation. The determinations that the administration makes will hold a major impact on the cost of the merchandises and/or services, and its bringing which consequences in the gross coming into the organisation, whether it is fabricating, retail or services sectors such as IT, finance logistics, transit, wellness attention or public public-service corporati on or educational, the service bringing grapevines must be carefully designed, resourced and managed efficaciously and expeditiously. The effectivity of the system is determined by the success with which assorted subsystems and constituents interact with each other and with the environment in which the organisation operates. The nucleus aim of a successful direction is the ability to pull upon the resources of many subjects and integrate relevant rules and background information in order to specify and analyse a job. Once defined, the director must place alternate possible solutions, measure these in footings of the broader ends and values of the organisation, implement the seemingly dominant solution, and eventually, assess the existent effects of the solution for the effectivity in the organisation. Operations direction focal points on pull offing the procedures that produce / distribute merchandises and services. Operations direction relates to all relevant operations within the organisation. Related activities includes the followers: Pull offing purchases Inventory control Quality control Manufacturing Logisticss and Evaluations Customer Servicess By analysing the above mentioned activities, we can state that Operations direction involves the systematic way and control of the procedures that transform resources ( inputs ) into finished goods or services for clients or clients ( end products ) .History of Operations ManagementThe beginnings of operations direction can be traced back through cultural alterations of the 18th, 19th and twentieth centuries. By the terminal of eighteenth century, agribusiness was the active and cardinal component in every state. The innovation of the steam engine and Eli Whitney ‘s construct of standardised parts paved the manner for the Industrial Revolution with its big fabrication installations powered by steam or H2O. As a consequence figure of states evolved from an agricultural economic system to an industrial economic system. But for a clip, fabrication was more of an art than a scientific discipline. The Industrial Revolution advanced further with the development of the gasolene engine and electricity in the 1800s.Other industries emerged and along with them new mills came into being.. The debut of Taylor ‘s method of scientific direction and Henry Ford ‘s traveling assembly line brought the universe into an age where direction was preponderantly centered on the production of goods. At the beginning of the twentieth century, the one component that was losing was a direction – the ability to develop and utilize the bing installations to bring forth on a big graduated table to run into monolithic markets of today.Duties of an Operations ManagerOperations Manager ‘s programs, form, take and command the production and bringing of merchandises and services every bit needed to maintain external paying clients satisfied. The duties of operations directors can be classified into the followers: Direct Responsibilities – the activities which are straight related to bring forthing and presenting merchandises and services like pull offing the operations procedure, encompassing design, planning, control, public presentation betterment, and operations scheme Indirect Responsibilities – the activities involved in interfacing with other parts of the organisation such as interacting with those directors in other functional countries within the organisation whose functions have an impact on operations. Indirect responsibilities besides include other maps like selling, finance, accounting, forces and technology. Broad Responsibilities – a wider set of undertakings that involve scanning the concern, societal and political environment in which the organisation exits in order to understand its context. Decision devising is a cardinal function of all operations directors. Decisions need to be made in: planing the operations system pull offing the operations system Bettering the operations system. The five chief sorts of determination in each of these relate to: the procedures by which goods and services are produced the quality of goods or services the measure of goods or services ( the capacity of operations ) the stock of stuffs ( stock list ) needed to bring forth goods or services The direction of human resources.Operations Management Issue – Hewlett-PackardHP is a engineering company that operates in more than 170 states worldwide. HP explores how engineering and services can assist people and companies address their jobs and challenges, with the realisation of the possibilities that HP can supply, which will successfully recognize their aspirations and demands. HP applies new believing and new thoughts to make simpler, valuable and trusted experiences with engineering, continuously bettering the manner our clients live and work. The Hewlett-Packard Company ( HP ) was founded in 1939 by William Hewlett and David Packard. Today, the company ‘s mission is to make information merchandises that accelerate the promotion of cognition and basically better effectivity of people and organisation. The company ‘s first merchandise, built in a Palo Alto garage, was an audio oscillator -an electronic trial instrument used by sound applied scientists. One of HP ‘s first clients for this was Walt Disney Studios, who purchased eight oscillators to develop and prove an advanced sound system for the film Fantasia. HP becomes a major participant in the computing machine industry in the eightiess with a full scope of computing machines, from desktop machines to portables to powerful minicomputers. HP besides made its entry into the pressman market with the launch of inkjet pressmans and optical maser pressmans that connect to personal computing machines. The quality and dependability of HP ‘s pressmans ma ke HP a extremely recognizable trade name by both consumers and concerns.Operational Issue of HP – Toner Cartridge ProblemHewlett-Packard is proud of its repute for high-quality merchandises and services. In the 1990 ‘s, the Hewlett Packard toner and ink cartridges division was sing a job with the figure of defective faulty toner cartridges being returned by clients. About 2000 of these were being returned every month. The operations squad decided to look into the issue and handed over the instance to the UK Hewlett Packard quality section. The squad suspected that non all the returns were really the consequence of a defective merchandise, which is why the squad decided to look into the job. The Hewlett Packard squad decided to utilize cause-effect diagrams to seek and place the beginning of the job. Three major operational jobs were identified. First, some users were non every bit familiar as they should hold been with the right method of lading the cartridge into the pressman, or in being able to work out their ain minor printing jobs. Second, some of the HP Business Resellers were besides incognizant of how to screen out minor jobs as they were missing in proficient expertness and preparation. As a consequence, they were unable to offer the client the degree of support needed to decide any minor jobs. Third, there was clearly some maltreatment of Hewlett-Packard ‘s ‘no-questions-asked ‘ returns policy. Empty toner cartridges were being sent to unauthorised replenishment companies who would sell the refilled cartridges at decreased monetary values. Some cartridges were being refilled up to five times and were intelligibly have oning out. Furthermore, the toner in the refilled cartridges was non up to Hewlett-Packard ‘s high quality criterions.Theoretical Approach of Analyzing HP Toner Cartridge Problem:Fishbone TheoryFishbone theory ( cause consequence diagram ) is a entire quality direction tool, widely used to analyse and work out an operation direction job or consequence in an organisation. Fishbone is considered as one of the seven basic tools of entire quality direction tool. It is a ocular presentational tool which resembles the skeleton of a fish which shows all the causes and its bomber causes taking to a peculiar job. Using fishbone theory, job and its causes can be diagrammatically represented, which will assist to place and analyse the of import causes and its consequence can be solvedModel of a Fishbone DiagramHistory of Fishbone TheoryKaoru Ishikawa, a Nipponese University Professor and a good known quality direction pioneer, invented the cause and consequence diagram in 1943, the theory became celebrated tool and was foremost used in 1960s and Nipponese companies like Mazda, Kawazaki used to analyse and better their auto fabrication proceduresADVANTAGES OF USING CAUSE EFFECT DIAGRAMAn operational direction job and its causes can be visually presented so that each and every causes can be considered which helps to find the root cause of the job in a structured attack. In other words, it helps to set up the job ( Effect ) Fishbone can be used by persons, squads and most efficaciously by groups which could guarantee engagement of all in a group and helps to use all possible and executable thought of the procedure and its grounds Different procedure of an operating system can be identified even if it is outside the range of procedure. All executable informations can be collected for farther analysis and its causes and sub causes can be evaluated. From the above HP Toner Cause Effect Diagram, we can sort that the Cartridge Returns is the Effect of the diagram and the causes can be sub divided into the followers:Man PowerCustomers and Traders: – The HP Investigation squad discovered that some clients were holding troubles in the right interpolation of the cartridge into the pressman organic structure. It is universally considered that non all clients are technically sound and as a consequence of this, merchandise malfunction could ensue while seeking to infix the toners/cartridges. Customers who purchased the cartridges from traders instead than straight from HP were non technically qualified to decide minor issues which would hold prevented the stock from being returned to HP for replacing. Owner ‘s Manual was non easy to read and had no bit-by-bit instructions. About 90-95 % of toner consumers, do non read the proprietor ‘s manual. Traders were non able to supply the clients with the professional degree of support needed and frequently blamed the merchandise as faulty. This was due to the fact that HP did non supply sufficient merchandise preparation and support to its concern resellers Training: – Horsepower should hold provided the traders with adequate merchandise support and preparation so that minor issues can be eradicated at the start. Failure in supplying the traders with merchandise preparation could adversely impact the good will of HP. A merchandise can be solved successfully merely if the gross revenues and after gross revenues support is maintained in a professional mode. Interior designers: – Merchandise interior decorators should take into consideration the clients and traders excessively as planing a complicated merchandise ( cartridge/toner ) will do merchandise installing complicated and if the company lacks resources for supplying merchandise preparation, it will do merchandise gross revenues to drop. The design of the toner cartridges was ne'er thought from an end-user position. The toner cartridges was ne'er tested with existent people before the launch. The deficiency of proper planing the merchandise flow rhythm has caused 1000s of lbs for HP. Another large company with such immense defects is Microsoft. Microsoft comes up with regular security spots from clip to clip to repair bugs that existed in their Operating System. Customers ever want things to be easy and less complicated. .MaterialNon echt HP compatible cartridges that are made by unauthorised companies are being bought by clients for a cheaper monetary value and used on echt HP pressmans. As a consequence this causes harm to the pressman caput in the long tally. Use of non echt toners, should revoke guarantee. HP failed to add a disclaimer saying that guarantee can be revoked for utilizing non-genuine HP toners Empty HP cartridges are sent to unauthorised replenishment centres by the clients and these cartridges are being refilled more than five times with low quality ink, toner and other parts.MachineryUsing Non HP Printer accoutrements such as print cartridges or toners may do impairment in print end product quality. The use of pressmans without proper care causes faint print and blotchy. This will make uncertainties in clients that there are issues with the existent HP hardware and frequently the merchandise is returned to HP.MethodsPolicy – HP ‘s ‘no-questions-asked ‘ returns policy is promoting the clients to return their cartridges even though the harm was caused by the client or the trader. No proper internal controls were at that place for HP. It was discovered that Empty toner cartridges were being send to unauthorised replenishment companies which used inexpensive quality replenishing ink and techniques which in bend damaged the merchandise. HP ‘s â €˜no-questions-asked ‘ should be updated to advert that one time the toner cartridge has been modified or re-filled by outside unauthorised traders, no replacing would be provided.Solutions to the job – Prioritization MatrixA prioritization matrix is a technique used to acquire an sentiment about a job.This matrix helps to precedences or rank the issues of the job harmonizing to its importance. Prioritization matrix gives more clearly which issues are most of import to screen it out In a prioritization matrix the issues or job can be written in the first column and its frequence, importance and the feasibleness of the issues can be mentioned in the following back-to-back columns.the last column should be used to cipher all the points Frequency: it measures how often the job occurs Importance: it measures the importance of the issue Feasibility: it measures the feasibleness of the issue whether the mentioned issue / job is easy to work out or nonMatrix description, Solutions and Recommendations:By utilizing this method, we can look at the information in the matrix and determine which issues are more of import harmonizing to the matrix. From the above mentioned HP Prioritization matrix it is really clear that in the first two issues, clients are incognizant about the proper usage of HP toner cartridges and deficiency of merchandise and support preparation to the concern resellers has got highest precedence in points. Hence these two issues should be considered with more attending. The following of import issues are in HP ‘s client Services, fabricating defects and their guarantee policies. Design defect, replenishing echt HP cartridges from unauthorised replenishment centres and use of non HP cartridges in HP pressmans should besides be considered and should be sorted out. 1 ) Customer Unawareness: Horsepower should take into consideration that their Owner ‘s Manual was non easy to read and had no bit-by-bit instructions. About 90-95 % of toner consumers, do non read the proprietor ‘s manual. New methods like adding bit-by-bit picture instructions in a Cadmium should be supplied along with the print toner cartridge. Clear and proper ocular instructions provided in the users manual, intelligent package constitutional inside the pressman should be able to place whether the job is with pressman or cartridge ) . Simple self care tools should be supplied along with the toner / cartridge so that client themselves can screen out minor jobs 2 ) Training for Business Resellers: HP should carry on merchandise preparation and support for its concern resellers after the merchandise has been launched. Not all concern resellers would be able to go to the preparation due to the nature of their concern but an unfastened courtesy invitation direct to all concern resellers and their proficient staff would assist to better client ailments and merchandise callbacks. Surveies by Dell hold proven that this is the most inefficient and high budget manner to cover with the state of affairs. They have found out that engaging local regional trained agents and directing parts to these agents to repair the issues have helped cut down their costs sustainably. 3 ) Customer Services: A good trained call centre or support forces ever helps to increase the good will of any companies. HP should develop their support staff to be to the full cognizant of their merchandises and behavior mock Sessionss to better direct customer-supplier dealingss. Customer service forces should be technically qualified to work out the issues with out inquiring more inquiries to the client. Product study questionnaires, support forces evaluation systems can be emailed to clients and their feedbacks should be carefully analysed by the gross revenues and selling sections. Another manner to pull off client service is to return clients the full sum or replace the product.. 4 ) Warranty / Policy: HP ‘s ‘no-questions-asked ‘ returns policy was promoting the clients to return their cartridges even though the harm was caused by the client or the trader Use of non echt toners, should revoke guarantee. HP forgot to add a disclaimer saying that guarantee can be revoked for utilizing non-genuine HP toners. HP should hold besides considered a sedimentation fee for recycling their toners back to HP and besides do certain a lower cost service for replenishing the toners. 5 ) Toner Cartridge Design: Merchandise interior decorators should take into consideration the clients and traders excessively as planing a complicated merchandise ( cartridge/toner ) will do merchandise installing complicated and if the company lacks resources for supplying merchandise preparation, it will do merchandise gross revenues to drop. Product was ne'er thought from an end-user position. The merchandise was ne'er tested with existent people before the launch. The deficiency of proper planing the merchandise flow rhythm has caused 1000s of dollars for HP. Another large company with such immense defects is Microsoft. Microsoft comes up with regular security spots from clip to clip to repair bugs that existed in their Operating System. 6 ) Unauthorized Refilling / No HP Cartridges: Exploitation non HP pressman accoutrements such as print cartridges or toners may do impairment in print end product quality. Customers prefer traveling to cheap unauthorised resellers to replenish echt HP cartridges as they are cheaper than traveling to an HP authorized reseller or back to HP base. Once the pressman toner cartridges gives out issues and print quality reduces, clients return the toner cartridges back to HP for replacing. HP should do their toners Tamper cogent evidence and besides add some kind of ID proofing to maintain path of non-genuine use of HP toners. Clear elaborate description about HP merchandise consciousness supplied along with the merchandise would educate the client about the quality, advantages, benefits of an HP and non HP toner cartridge.