Influence Of The Media In Forming Negative Body Image Among Females

We set out in this paper to explore the influence of the media in forming negative body image among females. In the course of the research, we also looked at the influence of media—primarily TV watching—on males just to compare the two groups and their responses to media images. Our findings reveal that although distortions in body image are growing among both males and females, females are especially vulnerable to body-image messages and respond to them with distorted behaviors around dieting and with lowered self-esteem or self-image.These conclusions are supported further by some of the work of Garner, Garfinkel, and Olmstead (1983) who claim that media exposure to stereotypes of very thin women models and reinforces the association between thinness and the characteristics such as physical attractiveness, desirability, personal self-worth, and success. This can lead to internalization of a thin ideal stereotype by females, which can result in distortion of the mental image of themselves (Downs & Harrison, 1985; Ogletree, S.M. , Williams, S. W. , Raffeld, P. , Mason, B. , & Fricke, K. , 1990; Salmons, Lewis, Rogers, Gotherer, & Booth, 1988). Indeed, Myers and Biocca (1992) claim that only 30 minutes of TV watch a day can alter a young woman’s perception of body shape. Why is this important? First, of all the effect of pervasive media influence, such as extensive TV watching and the reading of women’s magazine which are full of diet programs, are distorting the image of females’ perceptions of their ideal body image.Whereas, in some eras in history a â€Å"Rubenesque† or plump figure was considered a favorable body type, in this period of time the ideal type is an emaciated look. This distortion can lead to behaviors that create unhealthy dieting and exercise patterns that have the potential to seriously affect a young woman’s long-term health outlook and can lead to diseases such as Anorexia nervosa and Bulimia . A second consideration is the role of self-image. It appears as something of a chicken-and-egg issue. That is, do media images cause lowered self-esteem and lead to unhealthy dieting and exercise behavior.Or does the practice of consistently unhealthy behaviors that don’t lead to the distorted image that is imagined by some women cause lowered self-esteem? In an article on the Media Awareness Network, it is claimed that all this media barrage leaves the message that women are always in need of adjustment so that whether it starts with the chicken or the egg the woman is going after a mostly unattainable goal of extreme thinness and thus can’t win and will ultimately end up with a lowered self-image.The third point is that the media benefit from the constant message that women are inadequate. The article on the Media Awareness Network cites the fact that the diet, cosmetic, and plastic surgery industries are direct beneficiaries of women’s feelings that their b ody images are inadequate. They state that, â€Å"By presenting an ideal difficult to achieve and maintain, the cosmetic and diet product industries are assured of growth and profits. And it’s no accident that youth is increasingly promoted, along with thinness, as an essential criterion of beauty.Such women are more likely to buy beauty products, new clothes, diet aids, and memberships to health clubs. Obviously, this is a situation where a need is created, a consumer is convinced of the need, and services and products are introduced to fill the need. What are some of the considerations that exist that are trying to address and disrupt this unhealthy contract? The article on the Media Awareness Network states that â€Å"There have been efforts in the magazine industry to buck the trend.For several years the Quebec magazine Coup de Pouce has consistently included full-sized women in their fashion pages and Chà ¢telaine has pledged not to touch up photos and not to include models less than 25 years of age. † There was also significant attention to the models for Dove cosmetic products, who were average-sized women. These ads appeared in magazines and on TV. An informal scan of TV ads and programs might show some average-sized women, but they are still few and far between. Our unfortunate conclusion is that the fantasy image of a super-thin woman still sells products.

Cointelpro and the Assassination of Malcolm X Essay

During the early 1950’s, Malcolm X was the top spokesman for the Black Nationalist Muslim group called the Nation of Islam (NOI). As the national representative of the NOI, Malcolm X attracted the media spotlight by speaking out against the injustices that were being inflicted upon black Americans in the United States (Haley 225). Malcolm later separated from the NOI due to accusations of immoral behavior he made against his leader, Elijah Muhammad, and went on to form his own group called Muslim Mosque Inc. 323). Malcolm was assassinated February 21, 1965, at the Audubon Ballroom in Harlem New York, by black gunmen who were alleged to be members of the Nation of Islam (442-443). According to the book â€Å"The Assassination of Malcolm X by George Breitman, the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) under the direction of J. Edgar Hoover made Malcolm the subject of an intensive surveillance investigation by the Counter Intelligence Program known by its acronym â€Å"Cointelpro† (13). Malcolm, as a Muslim minister in the NOI, had become a powerful speaker equipped with the oratorical skills which provided him the ability to attract large followings of black people into his new organization. However, Hoover had labeled Malcolm a â€Å"subversive† and a radical black nationalist whom he felt needed to be â€Å"neutralized† (14). What did Hoover mean by â€Å"neutralize†? And did the Nation of Islam assassinate Malcolm X, or was this a government conspiracy? These two theories will be addressed in order to answer these questions and others that have been unanswered for 48 years. Cointelpro was a FBI top secret and illegal political agency, the main agenda of which was to target specific individuals and organizations whose ideas Hoover did not agree with (Blackstock, preface vii). Even though the program was initially started in 1956 to disrupt the activities of the Communist Party of the United States, policies were secretly changed under the direction of its founder, Hoover in order to target other organizations (9). Even though the name â€Å"Counterintelligence† may imply opposition to anyone who threatens the security of the United States through espionage, the targets were not enemy spies (10). The FBI’s main objective under this program was to eliminate all â€Å"radical† political opposition inside the United States by any means necessary (10-11). When traditional methods such as harassment and prosecution failed, the Bureau resorted to illegal and unconstitutional methods by taking the law into its own hands (11). Methods such as intimidation, job loss, violence, and forging letters in order to frame members were just a few tactics used by FBI agents and police informants who had infiltrated targeted organizations (12-13). In instructions to his FBI field operatives, Hoover displayed the outright contempt that he held for the Civil Rights Movement and its black leaders (28). In one specific memo dated August 25, 1967, he explains that the purpose of the program was â€Å"to expose, disrupt, misdirect, discredit, or otherwise neutralize† the Civil Rights Movement (30). Even though the memo was revealed by Hoover in 1967, two years after Malcolm’s death, tactics had been put into action long before it was distributed as a memo to his agents (30). On February 21, 1965, Malcolm X prepared to give a speech to a crowd of approximately 400 at the Audubon Ballroom in Harlem, New York (Evanzz xiv). As he approached the rostrum, a scuffle began in the rear of the ballroom (xv). One of the men yelled â€Å"Get your hand out of my pocket. † Malcolm responded by telling the two individuals who were scuffling to â€Å"cool it† and to not get excited (xv). As Malcolm tried to calm things down, a large explosion in the back was heard from a smoke bomb, and a man sitting in the front row pulled out a double barreled sawed-off shotgun from under his long coat and fired at Malcolm, striking him in the chest (xv). As Malcolm was falling and clutching his chest, two more men rushed the stage, firing pistols at him (xv). Betty Shabazz, Malcolm’s wife, and Gene Roberts, his close friend and bodyguard came to Malcolm’s aid along with others close by (xv). Meanwhile, a crowd of Malcolm’s supporters had caught two of the fleeing assailants and were beating them until they were rescued by policemen (xvii). One of the men rescued by police was Talmadge Hayer, a black Muslim, who had a gunshot wound from one of Malcolm X’s bodyguards and was taken to the hospital across the street from the Audubon (xvi). Malcolm X was pronounced dead 15 minutes after they got him to the hospital (xvi). Who killed Malcolm X? Examine the following scenarios. Initially, it was reported by Malcolm’s guards, the New York City police and local newspapers that two men were taken into police custody (xviii). In later newspaper editions, it was changed from two men to one. No reason was given for the sudden change and no admission of a mistake ever mentioned (xv). Police vehemently denied that a second man had existed and that Hayer was the only person caught at the scene (xviii). Five days later, Norman Butler, and Thomas Johnson, two well-known Muslims were arrested and charged with the murder of Malcolm X, even though they had concrete alibis placing them elsewhere, evidence the prosecutor withheld at the trial (Evanzz xviii). Hayer had confessed to his involvement in Malcolm’s death and testified that Butler and Johnson were neither present nor involved in the assassination but that four other gunmen were involved (xviii-xx). The question remains to this day: Who was the mysterious second man? Why did the first police report and witnesses inside the Audubon say they saw five men who were involved in the assassination, yet only three were accused and convicted at the trial (xv, xviii)? It should also be noted that many of Malcolm’s bodyguards and aides were Muslim defectors from the Nation of Islam and would have recognized Butler and Johnson immediately and prevented them from coming in (xv). Roland Sheppard was a journalist who regularly attended Malcolm’s lectures and was also a witness to his assassination. In his article â€Å"The Assassination of Malcolm X and Martin Luther King Jr. † he stated that he was told by one of Malcolm’s bodyguards, â€Å"You are not going to sit here today† and to move from the front row where he normally would sit. Sheppard, along with Malcolm and his group, always knew that there were police agents and informants in the audience. After Malcolm’s assassination, Sheppard was questioned at the Harlem police headquarters, where he saw a familiar face, obviously a police officer, walking freely around the office, whom â€Å"he had seen standing in the first row at the Audubon Ballroom, with other men, before the start of the meeting. This is where Hayer said he and his accomplices were sitting† (Sheppard). This was also the same row of seats Sheppard was told to move from. Sheppard also noticed that usually at Malcolm’s meetings, there would be somewhere between 30-50 uniformed police officers on site (Sheppard). But when Malcolm was assassinated, the police were nowhere to be found, even though Malcolm had warned them that an assassination attempt was imminent (Sheppard). Police officials claim that Malcolm had requested not to have police protection that day (Sheppard). However, when the police first spoke of this agreement with Malcolm, his wife, Betty Shabazz, stated that it was a lie, that Malcolm had not made the request for no police security (Sheppard). Malcolm knew from his experience with the Nation of Islam that his organization had been infiltrated by police agents who were undercover working for the government (Evanzz xxiii). But what would have shocked Malcolm the most is that his head of security and close friend Roberts, was one of them (xv). Roberts was a police agent working for New York Police Department’s Bureau of Special Services, also known as BOSSI (xxiii). This was the same bodyguard who told Sheppard to move from where he normally sits at Malcolm’s meetings. The night of the assassination, Roberts, as usual, posted guards in their proper positions and took his post as well (xv). Once Malcolm came to the rostrum and greeted the crowd with, â€Å"As-Salaam Alaikum,† Roberts subtly gave a signal that he needed to be relieved from his guard post (xv). As soon as Roberts walked away and stationed himself by the front entrance, the commotion started in the rear of the ballroom and shots were fired (xv). Is it just a coincidence that Roberts had himself relieved from the guard post and soon after, the shooting started? As Malcolm lay on the ground gasping for air, Roberts, who had changed guard post seconds before the shooting, rushed to the stage to Malcolm’s side and appeared to be administering mouth to mouth (Evanzz 295). Betty Shabazz, Malcolm’s wife, went his side and removed a piece of paper from Malcolm’s blood stained coat jacket, that had the names of the five men whom Malcolm believed were going to assassinate him (295). Finally, Malcolm was placed on a stretcher and as they started to take him to the hospital across the street, the police, who were not present during the shooting, appeared and took charge of Malcolm’s body (xvii). It is apparent to me that Roberts was there for the sole purpose of ensuring that Malcolm was dead. Was he actually giving mouth-to-mouth respirations to Malcolm? Or was he preventing him from breathing altogether? Why would Malcolm’s wife remove the paper with the names of her husband’s assassins on it and not reveal it to any of those present? Malcolm X had been under surveillance by the FBI since his release from prison in 1952 (Evanzz 28). Once Malcolm separated from Elijah Muhammad and the Nation of Islam, he started reaching out to other Black Nationalist organizations and civil rights leaders such as Martin Luther King Jr. (266-267). Even though they had opposing views, both men realized they were after the same common goal but with different means of gaining it. In his letter â€Å"A Call for Unity† from Birmingham jail, King made it a point to his critics that the Negro in America had been caught up by the â€Å"Zeitgeist† (spirit of the age), and with his black brothers of Africa, and his brown and yellow brothers of Asia, South America, and the Caribbean, the Negro in the United States is moving with a sense of great urgency toward the promised land of racial justice† (King 1303). Malcolm shared this viewpoint also, that injustice was universal, and Malcolm decided to take the plight of the American Negro to the United Nations (309). No one had ever brought the issue of racism to the United Nations before (310). This deeply disturbed Hoover and the FBI and gave them a definite reason to target Malcolm for â€Å"neutralization† (Evanzz 310). Malcolm’s fall out with Muhammad and the Nation of Islam was the catalyst needed to later help the FBI set the stage for Malcolm’s assassination (311). The question remains: who killed Malcolm X? Malcolm had initially and for good reason, thought that the Nation of Islam were plotting to take his life. After close analysis, he realized that this plot to kill him was deeper than the NOI. He expressed this to Alex Haley, who was in the process of finishing Malcolm’s autobiography, â€Å"†¦The more I keep thinking about this thing, the things that have been happening lately, I’m not all that sure it’s the Muslims, I know what they can do, and what they can’t, and they can’t do some of the stuff recently going on. Now, I’m going to tell you, the more I keep thinking about what happened to me†¦, I think I’m going to quit saying it’s the Muslims† (qtd. in Haley 438).

Quotes

Gambling was so crucial to the economy of certain household that semi- espectable women slept with Jockeys to get closer to † the horse's mouth. (page 50) – 11. â€Å"Most OndaatJes liked liquor, sometimes to excess. Most of them were hot tempered- though they blamed diabetes for this when ever possible. † (page 57) – This song can represent Michael's mom Doris Gratian and his dad Mermlyn's relationship, how in the beginning of their love it was very strong but when merlvyen started drinking their love was cold and crushed and how they ended up separating. This represents how during 1935 women wanted to get married and would fight to get the best men, and would do anything to get him.This quote means that since the horses were used for military purposes. But the races conflicted with it because every one wanted to own a horse and affected the economy. Horses were used tor gambling and they were being mistreated everyone would want too see the recesses and d id not change the date of the races s for anything because it was so important for everyone. After they had put in all their money and realized hey had lost they would start leavening like ants so they wouldn't be seen as losers.This quote explains how valuable the horses were and how people put all their money into the horses. They would even sleep next to them to protect the horses. People would put in money so they can own at least a leg. The Ondaatje family would drink and blame it on diabetes to make an excuse. And to make it seem like it was Just in their blood. 12. â€Å"God loves a drunk. † (page 59)- â€Å"Reading torn 100-year-old newspaper clippings that come apart in your hands like et sand, information tough as plastic dolls. (page 69) â€Å"There is a myth that if a child is given thalagoya tongue to eat he will become brillianty articulate,†¦ † (page 73) â€Å"The Sinhalese are beyond a doubt one of the least musical people in the world. It would be quite impossible to have less sense of pitch, line, or rhythm. † ( page 76) â€Å"Ceylon is an experience-but heavens, not a permanence. † (page 78) â€Å"All Jungles are evil. † (page 78) â€Å"Sweat runs with its own tangible life down a body as if a giant egg has been broken nto our shoulders. (page 79) â€Å"Heat disgraces foreigners. † (page 80) â€Å"A perfumed sea.

Homework Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 5

Homework - Assignment Example The professor is still new to the U.S environment and serves as the advisor to the lesbian and gay bisexual transgender movement in campuses (Loffreda, 231). Worth noting is that she is an outsider and an insider in these events. She is quite observant and contacts an interview to the police officers, students, politicians, townspeople and activists among other people. She does this with the aim of making untying the knot of forces that is tied to the fate of the young man more visible. Furthermore, the author explores how the sexual politics unfolds in a sparsely and remote area in America. During this time the sexual politics was very common in the American culture war. She captures the daily life occurrences since 1998 in Laramie (Loffreda, 238). She does this in a more brilliant manner which occurred in Wyoming. This was a community that lived in a rural, conservative, poor and a breathtaking beautiful state which did not have a bookstore or a gay. She also focuses on several characters which include gays, homicide investigators, gay activists, the unreflective journalists in the media houses, and the appearance of Mary, Paul, and Peter. In addition, Loffreda goes through a series of events (226). She starts with the protests of the townspeople and the students against the gays. They rise above the famous anti-gay theatrics of the defrocked Fred Phelp towards the spontaneous support to matt during the homecoming parade in the university. In addition, the bias by the town council on legislation to trace evidence by the investigators is also analyzed. The book does not just look into this but also focuses on other events. She recounts on the death of matt and most surprising stories which were left out in the media

Ethics Final Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Ethics Final - Essay Example When considering how we â€Å"value† life, and how that valuation affects the moral implications of the issues of abortion and euthanasia, we must also consider the quality and stage of life. And with animal rights, while they are inarguably alive, we must define what â€Å"types† of life should deserve specific rights, even if they cannot perceive them. There is an obvious and inherent difference, for most people, in how they value the life of an ant and a human, yet both are alive. So the difficulty, in general, comes in being able to define the concomitant facets of life which â€Å"deserve† rights. Opposite the spectrum of humans might be bacteria. We have living bacteria covering our body, most of which mind their own business and cause us no harm. Yet, we often wash our bodies and are hands in a veritable genocide of these innocent microbes without a second thought. Self-awareness, foresight and planning, the ability to feel pain, the potential of that life to survive and other advanced cognitive and physiological capacities are often important deciding factors in the moral implications of abortion, euthanasia and animal rights. A important knowledge of biology is required to detect, understand, and analyze these aspects. In both abortion and euthanasia, human lives are taken. However, euthanasia in humans is often voluntary, though it may not always be. In the case the voluntary euthanasia, the patient usually has a terminal illness and stands no obvious chances of survival. Their potential for further life is minimal and ultimately they often seek to end chronic pain and suffering. In abortion, however, the human life does not make the sovereign decision of its own life, and it would not be able to. In early abortions, the â€Å"fetus† may only be a number of cells clustered together, not so different from small cellular organisms we à ¢â‚¬Å"kill† everyday. However, these

John Adams Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

John Adams - Research Paper Example His family was rather modest, and his simple habits were typical for Massachusettsian farmers of that time (McCullough 18). Adams was a devout believer, but he still valued Greco-Roman literature and political theory: he was an ample reader of works by Cicero, Tacitus, Plato, Thucydides, and other political writers and philosophers of Ancient world (McCullough 19). Adams did not belong to learned or commercial elite of the Colonial society and was proud of his personal qualities such as eloquence. As a lawyer, he earned recognition of local community, yet his social ambition led him to view political career as his true destiny (McCullough 20). Adams first became an important figure during the campaign against the Stamp Act of 1765, as the decision of the British government to impose a direct tax on printed materials enraged the Americans. Adams played a prominent role in this campaign by drafting the so-called Braintree Instructions, a document presented by Massachusettsian citizens to the General Court of the colony. The Braintree Instructions presented such basic principles of future American political system as the connection between taxation and representation, and the necessity of trial by jury and independent judiciary (McCullough 61). The campaign against the Stamp Act would thus become the first contribution of Adams to the fight for independence of the future United States. The second important contribution of Adams to the cause of independence was his participation in the first and second Continental Congresses of 1774 and 1775. As the most prominent of representatives of Massachusetts, Adams possessed great influence among his fellow members of Congress, and his struggle for transformation of the colonies into independent states played an important role in convincing Congress of the necessity of independence. Adams played a key part in drafting the Congressional resolutions of 15 May 1776, which became a basis for the future draft of the Declaration of Independence (Wood 176). The most important work of Adams, Thoughts on Government (1776), had a decisive influence on the political thought of American Patriots (Wood 177). By arguing in favor of rule of law, Adams laid the foundations for American system of government. In Thoughts on Government Adams displayed a concern about the necessity of political balance between various branches of government in order to avoid possible abuses of power. The effect of Adams’ Thoughts on Government was extensive, as the principles he proclaimed received a wide audience (McCullough 103; Wood 178). This allowed Adams to become a respected figure in constitutional affairs. Despite the dominant role of Jefferson and Madison in drafting the Declaration of Independence, Adams played important role in proclamation of independence itself. He supported the Lee Resolution on 7 June 1776 that was to proclaim the United States â€Å"free and independent states†, and participated in the deba te in Congress that followed it (McCullough 118). The fruitful participation of Adams in the affairs of Congress, and his positive standing at the negotiations with General Howe in September 1776 allowed him to become a first representative of the USA in the European countries. Adams’ diplomatic career proved extremely fruitful for the United States. Even though his missions to

Plan to study an oranization (what is reason for development of the Essay

Plan to study an oranization (what is reason for development of the origination, how the organization fulfill its Mission and organization infrastructure.) - Essay Example Several issues cause the increase chronic disease in aging group as follows: It is pertinent to note that chronic disease do force a patient to engage in advanced medication this is planed and will be followed in the study of the Bloomington Meals on Wheels organization (Oatman, 2008. p. 86). Thus, the injection of medicine into blood stream can overpower the human response. The study of new technology at The Bloomington Meals on Wheels organization will include how technology facilitates the smooth running of the organization and the effect it has to the patient. For instance, new technology can misinterpret the old prescription procedures, which will result in increasing rate of chronic disease in aging individual (Roemer, 2008.p.58). According to the experts in The Bloomington Meals on Wheels organization it is that advance in prescription of drugs will affect aging people in certain ways. It is expected that a physician should administer medications in a slow manner to the elderly. In such situation, good foods and perfect nutrition will make a sound treatment (Roemer, 2007.p. 89). In addition, many baby boomers are in retirement age and that they need extra medical care. As a result, a good nutrition’s will be a booster to their health, since the elderly do need more of healthy care than any other individuals do. Further, there is several hindrances for instance insurance fact. It follows that the there are increase in the number of individuals who are not insured and so are not legible for Medicaid or Medicare. it is worth noting that there are is increase in the out-of pocket payment for about 29%.the above makes sick individuals to be unable to afford nursing home facilities. In addition, in recent trends shift from institutionalized for instance nursing home to non-institutional seize care at home (Stein, & Baum 2011. p.79). It is important to understand that informal caregivers at home for instance wife

INFLUENCE OF LABELED ARTIFICIAL INGREDIENTS IN CERTIFIED ORGANIC Dissertation

INFLUENCE OF LABELED ARTIFICIAL INGREDIENTS IN CERTIFIED ORGANIC PRODUCTS ON SALE - Dissertation Example Thus, the proponent would like to address the following question at the end of the study. Are customers satisfied with the artificial ingredients mixed with organic products? I have to rely on my supervisor when it comes to the implementation of the actual study most particularly in formulating questions in order to generate answers or responses from the respondents regarding their satisfaction level with artificial ingredients in organic foods. The supervisor should therefore have substantial knowledge in organic foods and including the remarkable impacts of artificial ingredients on organic foods. Background This study is about finding significant customers’ responses on labeled artificial ingredients in certified organic products on sale. This primarily would find out specific customers’ stand on issues about artificial ingredients being mixed with certified organic products. Thus, this is a specific marketing activity aiming to understand customers’ buying be haviour especially on organic products mixed with artificial ingredients. In marketing, it is important to understand the point of view of customers because it would exactly tell about the areas, in which the marketers should substantially do the necessary strategies that would enhance products in various aspects and eventually create needs of certain product offerings (Boone and Kurtz, 2011; Kotler et al., 2008). In line with this, it is a great area of concern to find out some points of reference and eventually evidences to understand the influence of labeling organic foods with artificial ingredients. Primarily, it is important to know specific response from the customers regarding this issue. After all, customers have substantial ideas about organic products and even important reasons of buying them. Natural products are identified as either 100 percent organic and no artificial which means all ingredients are organic and no artificial components, 95 percent components are organ ic (organic), 75 percent components are organic (created with organic), and 70 percent components are natural (organic parts). For example, dairy products are organic when their productions primarily employed organic foods (Flack, 2011). This means the livestock in which milk production takes place should be given with only natural foodstuffs and no artificial foods or chemicals should be employed. In this way, the customers will be ensured that the dairy products they are using come from natural process of production. However, the idea about organic products is not only focused on this situation. Some organic raw materials are substantially processed. In this case, they are highly susceptible to be mixed with artificial ingredients for the purpose of either enhancing their tastes, quality or longevity, just to name some of the most important reasons. For instance, there are many finished products available in the market, produced with mixed organic and artificial ingredients leadin g to different flavours (Schlosser, 2012). At some point, combining artificial ingredients in the production of organic products would help increase productivity. The government seeks to ensure the welfare of the people by providing substantial food in their table through increased food production. For example, Organic Trade Association (OTA) amendment to substantially use synthetic materials in the production of foodstuffs that include organic materials, and allow the US Department of Agriculture to add other

Company Problem Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Company Problem - Essay Example sales targets for the current year (2008) owing to the continuous fall in the sales of its trucks and SUVs which form a significant part of its revenues. The fall in its automobile segment is also largely due to the growing environmental concerns, likely impact of global warming, and the resultant shift in customer preferences towards environmental friendly and fuel efficient cars. All these factors together have led to formation of several alternatives that could help the company address these critical issues and retain its competitive positioning in the industry as well as continue its rapid progress towards attaining its future targets that of a 15% share in the global automobile industry. The alternatives discussed above are developed keeping in mind the company’s strengths and weakness and its ability to tackle the present situation through its range of products and strategic planning abilities. The Toyota Motor Corporation is one of the largest automobile manufacturers in the world. Founded in 1926, by Sakichi Toyoda as a modest automatic looms manufacturing company, Toyota has grown to be a multi million dollar organization and a world leader in automobile manufacturing. The company through its substantial diversification, expansion and R&D efforts has managed to capture significant market shares, and aims to capture 15 %1 of the global market by the year 2015. However, the company currently has been facing certain setbacks due to several factors such as the rising fuel prices, environmental concerns such as global warming, weakening of the yen, as well as threats from low cost car manufacturers from developing nations such as India and China. These factors could pose serious threats to the company’s advancement towards growth and prosperity. To combat such external forces, the company has initiated efforts at creating environmental awareness through encouraging an d driving the sales of its hybrid car – The Prius, as well as by initiating and

A Passage to India Essay Example for Free

A Passage to India Essay Books are truly among the best things ever invented. With thousands of books out there, there are plenty of connections to be made. Here is an example of a connection made when reading this two novels. A Passage to India is a story that takes place in India during the reign of the British Empire. It is truly wonderful when you read a book and manage to make a connection between two different novels. While reading A Passage to India, a connection was made between this book and The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. In A Passage to India ,There are constant clashes between cultures, races, religion, and even politics. This story depicts India as a world of only two types of people; the British, and everyone else that isn’t British. The British are shown as Superior authority to the Indians. They are very rude and disrespectful. They are very racist towards the Indians. In A Passage to India, the British don’t usually mix and mingle with the Indians because they are both very different groups of people, and the British are seen as racist in this novel. Their cultures are really different, and there religions are by far different. Basically, the Indians and British are segregated. In The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, whites and blacks are segregated in the southern states due to the era in which the story takes place. Most, if not all, of the blacks are slaves. The whites don’t like the blacks because they are considered lower standard people, slaves. There are only two types of people in this story; whites, and non-whites. Racism is a very common obstacle in our world and is used in many stories to depict and portray certain hardships and time periods of our world. Both of these stories use racism to help portray these two very different settings. In A Passage to India, the British are very harsh and cruel towards the Indians, just like how the whites treat the blacks in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn.â€Å"You’re superior to them, anyway. Don’t forget that. You’re superior to everyone in India except one or two of the Ranis, and they’re on equality.†(Forester 42). Mrs. Turton’s statement gives us an example of the racism of a typical Englishwomen. Here she tells Adela that they are superior to Indians in any way possible, even the higher politicians. The authors use statements like these to help the reader be able to imagine how things must be in the particular setting. Here, is a passage from The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn which shows us how racism is used to help build up the setting by Mark Twain. â€Å" It was lection day, and I was just  about to go and vote myself if I warnt too drunk to get there; but when they told me there was a State in this country where theyd let that nigger vote, I drawed out. I says Ill never vote agin.†(Sawyer 28). Just because a black man was free to vote in the election, Pap would never vote again because he didn’t believe blacks were good enough to be able to vote in the Election of the President of the USA. He didn’t want to be held to the same standards as blacks, he wanted to be able to be distinguished from blacks and have superiority. In his eyes, blacks were just property. They weren’t meant to be anything other than slaves. This passage helps the reader understand and imagine the harsh setting of The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. These novels have very different settings but still have one thing in common. These two authors take a risky and sensitive subject like racism to help portray their stories and how they impact the reader. This connection also shows us that there is racism all around the world, even if these are fictional stories. A Passage to India and The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn both are stating messages that show how harsh and cruel racism can be, and how it affects people. Racism a very common theme in many stories and there are many connections to be made amongst them. Forster, E. M. A Passage to India, New York: Harcourt, Brace and, 1924. Print. Twain, Mark. Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. New York: Random House, 1996. Print.

Care, rationale and outcome in Coronary Care Unit

Care, rationale and outcome in Coronary Care Unit Nurses are required to continue education and upgrading of skills to ensure their patients receive the best possible nursing care. Cardiac nursing is a dedicated nursing practice that gives focused and precise nursing interventions, that are governed by the best practice nursing standards using latest research based facts. Nurses need to have good technique and skill when performing health history and physical assessments to enable them to look after the person as a whole. When nursing patients, nurses need to understand the care they give and reasoning of why they deliver the cares in a certain way. A sound knowledge of assessment and observations help nurses plan, initiate and deliver health care. Without knowledge and rationales the nurse may not deliver cares in the correct manner or have the ability to know when to initiate them. Myocardial infarction is a common cause for admission into the Coronary Care Unit and this case study follows cares, rationales and outcomes in this se tting. Mr Smith (synonym for confidentiality) is a retired 58 year old man that was admitted to a Coronary Care Unit (CCU) via the Emergency Department (ED) of the Atherton Hospital. His admission diagnosis was an Anterior ST Elevated Myocardial Infarction (STEMI), which had already been treated with thrombolytic therapy. On the morning of his admission, he drove himself to the ED with chest pain. He presented with left sided chest pain that radiated to his left jaw and left arm which he scored 10/10 and described as crushing. He was diaphoretic and hypertensive with nausea and vomiting. An ECG showed sinus bradycardia, rate of 60 bpm with hyperacute T waves in V2-V4, that progressed to ST Elevation. Thrombolytic therapy was administered 1 hour of his presenting to ED and within 2 hours of the initial chest pain that commenced at home. His ST segment was elevated approximately 8mm and continued to increase until 70 minutes post thrombolytic when he had 50% resolution of the ST elevation. When he presented to the ED he was given oxygen, morphine, anginine, aspirin, clopidigrel and enoxaparin as first line pharmaceutical treatments. He was transferred that afternoon to Townsville. Mr Smith was not managed in Atherton due to the lack of cardiac catheter services and was transferred for a Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) the next day where he had a stent placed in his proximal area of his Left Anterior Descending Coronary Artery (LAD). Anterior MIs affect a large surface of the heart, thrombolytic therapy and PCI are the most effective way to treat them (Evans-Murray, 2008 ). His medical history includes a previous STEMI and PCI in 1997, hypercholesterolemia, depression, a ruptured bowel and neck injury from a Motor Vehicle Accident in 1977. Upon further questioning Mr Smith admitted to recently becoming very short of breath whilst mowing the lawn. His risk factors include ex-smoker ceasing in 1993, hypercholesteremia, and stress of brother dying 3 weeks previous. His current medications were aspirin 100mg daily, atorvastatin 20 mg daily and zoloft 200mg daily. Upon arrival to a Townsville Coronary Care Unit (CCU), Mr Smith was pain free. He was connected to continuous cardiac monitoring and admission workup was attended, this includes admission paperwork, ECG, vital signs, mobile Chest x-ray and pathology tests. He was ordered and given stat doses of aspirin, clopidigrel and IV lasix. Mr Smith had an IVT running in his Left hand and an IVC in his Right hand. During the next few days Mr Smith remained febrile 37.6 ° with only a small elevation in white cell count (Huszar, 2007). Four days post infarction, Mr Smith became short of breath (SOB) in the shower and felt light headed; he was monitored in Sinus Rhythm with SaO2 of 95% on 3lpm via nasal cannula. On auscultation, crackles were heard in his lower bases. He was commenced on lasix 20mg daily. This was an indication that his Left Ventricle may not have been functioning adequately. An Echocardiogram was performed to see if the heart wall motion and valves were performing to their best ability (Kern, 2003). The report showed extensive akinesis of the septal, anterior and apex left ventricle wall. His Left Ventricle Ejection Fraction (LEVF) was 35%. Normal values for (LVEF) are 60-65% (Moser Riegel, 2008). He was commenced on a Beta Blocker Cavedilol 6.25mg and Ramipril, which was commenced post PCI and decreased from 2.5mg to 1.25 mg. Use of these medications follow the criteria of the Reducing Risk in Heart Disease (Heart Foundation, 2007). He was sent to the cardiothoracic unit on day 5 with telemetry, to monitor for any changes in his cardiac condition (Jayasekara, 2009) and discharged two days later. A systematic approach should be taken when attending to health history and physical assessment. Throughout the assessment, skin temperature, body odour, mood and appearance are observed. Patients need to feel comfortable with nurses so Mr Smith had the physical assessment explained to him and the reasons for performing it. (Brown, 2007) Mr Smiths physical assessment was completed in the morning prior to his PCI. He seemed relaxed with a jovial manner but at times did appear nervous. He was of a clean well kept appearance and looked younger than his 58 years. Neuro intact. Orientated to time, person and place, GCS 15 and PEARLA. He had a good memory of the event. Cardiovascular monitored in sinus rhythm with frequent PVCs and runs of bigeminy. ECG attached. Febrile- low grade 37.4  °, Pulse 70 bpm, blood pressure 102/69, no peripheral oedema. Jugular venous pressure was approximately 4 cms. Initially I could not palpate the apical pulse but when patient positioned onto his left side it was felt 5th ICS MCL. The reason it is felt is due to the apex of the heart comes into contact with the chest wall (Marieb Hoehn, 2010) No thrills or heaves heard. Mr Smith was warm to touch but not diaphoretic. Upon auscultation of the carotid arteries no bruits were heard. Normal S1 and S2 heart sounds were heard upon auscultation. Good radial, carotid and femoral pulses, Normal 2+ according to pulse volume scale (Lewis, 2007). Mr Smith did look pale and his haemoglobin was 121g/L. Respiratory rate of 18 per minute. Sao2 94% on 2lpm via Nasal cannula. Inspection of the thorax area revealed equal shape, size and symmetry of chest with nil use of accessory muscles. Trachea was midline. Lips and nail beds showed no signs of cyanosis. Diaphragmatic excursion was equal at 4 cms. Anterior, lateral and posterior areas revealed equal air entry, bilaterally in high and mid thoracic zones. Basal zones of thorax areas were bilaterally dull. No adventious sounds heard. Chest X-ray noted that some consolidation in bilateral bases which corresponds to the decreased air entry heard in the bases (Wang, Baumann, Slutsky, Gruber, Jean, 2010). Gastrointestinal revealed an old scar midline under the umbilicus from previous MVA. Bowel sounds heard in all 4 quadrants. Abdomen was soft with no distension. Mr Smiths upper and lower limbs and nail beds showed no signs of cyanosis or clubbing, ulceration or varicose veins. Capillary refill was normal less than 3 seconds in all limbs. Range of motions and strength were bilaterally equal and normal in all 4 limbs. Dorsalis pedis and posterior tibial veins were felt on palpation and scored 2+ bilaterally (Lewis, 2007). Acute coronary syndrome is a common cause of death. Myocardial infarction can have a good mortality rate if treated early. Treatment can be as basic as oxygen, ECG, observations, nitroglycerine through to thrombolytic therapy or a rescue angiogram/angioplasty (Overbaugh, 2009). One is not more important than the other and the patients prognosis is the main concern. Patients complain of chest pain due to myocardial oxygen demand and supply mismatching. The coronary arteries supply the myocardium with blood supply, if the supply is interrupted by a clot, spasm or atherosclerotic plaque the myocardial oxygen requirement (demand) is not met which causes myocardial cells to starve for oxygen supply. This causes the depolarization of the cells to be interrupted and changes will occur on the ECG. (Woods, 1995) Ischemia is shown on the ECG by ST segment elevation. This is primarily an emergency situation as the first 6 hours post infarction is when myocardial damage becomes irreversible (Thelan, 1994). In this time many interventions can be attended to resupply the myocardium with oxygen enriched blood supply. Oxygen is administered for at least the first 48 hours post MI so that tissue hypoxia does not become evident. At times chest pain can be relieved by applying oxygen.(Swearingen Keen, 2001) Vital signs are attended to frequently in CCU, usually hourly, which enables nurses to see any changes in hemodynamic monitoring. Complications of infarctions are heart failure and arrhythmias, due to the large area of heart wall damaged. When Mr Smith suddenly became SOB and adventious breath sounds were heard on auscultation, it alerted medical staff that his left side of the heart was congested and not efficiently pumping. Early indications of Left ventricular failure are shortness of breath (SOB) and intolerance of beta blockers, nitrates, or ACE inhibitors. Mr Smith showed signs of SOB and lightheadedness, which may be due to Ramipril ( ACE inhibitor) that was then decreased in dose (Schell Puntillo, 2006). Continuous cardiac monitoring enables nurses to keep constant checks on heart rates and rhythms, it gives nurses the ability to act on any life threatening rhythms immediately or enables them with the knowledge of impending problems that could arise (Drew, 2004). Premature Ventricular Contractions (PVC), Ventricular Tachycardia (VT) or Ventricular Fibrillation(VF) are the most likely rythyms to be noted due to the scarring or necrotic myocardial tissue (Aehlert eInstruction Corp., 2011). Mr Smith was noted to have occasional PVCs that became more frequent until he was monitored in bigeminy, which can lead to runs of VT (Huszar, 2007). Monitored patients can be observed in pulseless VT/ VF via the central monitor at the nurses station and can be immediately defibrillated, whereas if a ward patient collapses a monitor needs to be attached before the heart rhythm can be established and treatment given (McDonough, 2009). ST Segment monitoring shows significant changes in monitoring that can indicate ischemia or infarction. Central monitors should have regular nurse surveillance, will alarm if there is a significant change to the ST segment. Changes occur with or without complaints of chest pain or shortness of breath, indicating myocardial oxygen mismatch (Smith, 2008). Patients need to advised to tell staff of chest pain whilst being monitored. Some patients assume nursing staff know from the monitor when they are experiencing chest pain. (Swearingen Keen, 2001) An ECG can be performed to show any significant changes of the heart. Mr Smith showed ST segment changes in his anterior /septal (V3 V4 position) aspect of his left ventricle. This area is supplied by the Left Anterior Descending Coronary Artery. Treatment does not differ depending on which area of the heart is affected. All areas require oxygen supply. While in hospital Mr Smith was ordered serial ECGs, these are taken daily to show any changes. Expected changes expected post MI are the development of a pathological Q wave. Q waves indicate the necrosis of myocardial tissue and specifically in V1 to V4 indicates anteroseptal infarction (Dubin, 2000) Mr Smith was initially given morphine, an opioid that relieves pain by decreasing myocardial oxygen demand by decreasing the Autonomic Nervous System and decreasing anxiety (Lewis, 2007). Nitro-glycerine, was ordered as a smooth muscle relaxant that vasodilates the vessels to restore blood supply if the mismatch is due to a coronary spasm(Yassin, 2007). Aspirin is given daily indefinitely as it is a antiplatelet aggregation inhibitor that Hung, 2008 states is proven for secondary prevention of myocardial infarction, stroke and cardiovascular death in both men and women. He also discusses the combined use of clopidigrel and aspirin to reduce subacute stent thrombosis after PCIs (Hung, 2008). Thrombolytic therapy is given within the first 6 hours of chest pain.(Levin, 2008) Tenecteplase 90mg was given. Thrombolytic Therapy is given to dispel the clot and allow blood flow to the affected area. It can take up to 90 minutes for full resolution to occur (Goldberger,2010). There are certain considerations that medical staff must ensure prior to administration of this therapy, these include an absence of CVA/TIAs or surgery in the last 12 weeks (Gibson, 2009). Once administered ECGs are taken in 15-30 min intervals to see changes of ST segment, showing that myocardial blood supply and depolarization being restored. Cardiac markers are Pathology tests that also give evidence of myocardial damage. When cardiac cells are damaged the membrane walls leak these substances into the blood stream (Aehlert eInstruction Corp., 2011). Myoglobin, Creatine kinase (CK), Troponin T and Troponin I are myocardial specific and along with ST elevation can be evident of a STEMI. Ëarly in ischaemia the ST segment may lose the ST-T wave slope and appear straight. Then as the T wave broadens and the ST segment rises, the segment loses its concave form and becomes upwardly convex with elevations (Moser Riegel, 2008). Non STEMI do not have a significant change on the ECG only cardiac markers alter. These markers usually peak between 15-24 hours post infarction and remain elevated for 2-3days (Huszar, 2007) Creatine Kinase has normal value of 45-250 U/L and Mr Smiths on admission was 4290 U/L decreasing to 800 U/L, 2 days post. Troponin T normal values are à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚ ¤0.03ug/L but Mr Smiths ranged from 14.20ug/L at 2200hours on the day of MI, to 4.39ug/L 2 days later. Serial pathology tests are taken usually every 6 hours for the first 24 hours. Mr Smith was taken for a PCI the day after his MI. He had a stent put in his proximal area of his Left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) in the Cardiac Catheter Lab. Mr Smiths had a PCI even though his blood supply looked like it had been reinstated, the stent will prevent clot formation again and reocclussion (Cannon, 2010). He was then transferred back to CCU and remained RIB overnight. He had a femoseal deployed into his groin to occlude the opening of the femoral vessel used for this procedure. Nurses need to do regular neurovascular and pedal pulse observations to check for bleeding or vessel occlusion (Shoulders-Odom, 2008). Mr Smith needed to be educated on his procedure pre and post operative. He has previously been for this procedure but needed re-education. It must be a daunting experience to be given twilight sedation whist having the PCI. Mr Smiths last procedure was 13 years ago which would see many new techniques being practiced that he was not familiar with. His post op education included the importance of keeping his affected leg still and care of his affected groin.(Moser Riegel, 2008) Myocardial Infarction education can be given to him at the same time but this is information that needs to be reiterated continually during his hospitalization(Lewis, 2007). He and his family need to be aware of the risk of reinfarction especially in the next 2 weeks post MI as the heart muscle is still weak and irritable and increase in activity can cause another MI. This is the time that patients start to resume their normal daily activities after hospitalization and are at the most risk. (Douglas, 2010) Documentation is very important and needs to be filled out correctly as it is a legal document (Lewis, 2007). The CCUs clinical pathway for infarction indicated strict rest in bed with commode privileges for the first 48 hours, this decreases the need for myocardial oxygen. This is difficult for active patients but it needs to be strictly followed. Due to immobility other medical complications can arise, pneumonia and decreased gas exchange, deep vein thrombosis or emboli are common. To prevent these patients are encouraged to attend to hourly Deep Breathing Exercises (DBE), leg exercises and triflow. Patients can also be sat in an upright position which increases venous return (Thelan, 1994). Anticoagulants prevent clot formation therefore Mr Smith was administered daily Clexane 90mg post PCI until discharge and administered Abciximab (Reopro) for 12 hours post PCI. To test the adequacy of anticoagulants, INR and APPT are taken to check patients dose is therapeutic. Problems with ad ministering the anticoagulant after thrombolytic therapy is bleeding (Yassin, 2007). Mr Smith was noted to have large traces of blood in his urinalysis and was sent for a Pelvic Ultrasound to be sure there was no other complications, the ultrasound was NAD. Prior to discharge Mr Smith was educated on his new regime of medications and the importance of medication compliance to decrease his risks of further cardiac complications (Albert, 2008). Nurses if experienced and up to date with current research and practices can work alongside medical staff and initiate nursing cares that are in the best interest of patients. Coronary Care Units must have confident and competent nurses to run the ward as most times they make significant decisions on implementation of nursing care. When Doctors have confidence in the nurse looking after their patients they will respect and listen to nurses opinions because they know they are educated and empowered with knowledge.

Impact of Marketing Collateral in Banks

Impact of Marketing Collateral in Banks INTRODUCTION About HDFC Bank: HDFC Bank was incorporated in August 1994, and, currently has a nationwide network of 2000 Branches and 5,471 ATMs in 996 Indian towns and cities. Differentiate to lead: Trust is a bankers greatest currency and a great banking and financial services brand can be built only on a strong foundation of trust. That pretty much has been HDFC banks story as it emerged from the image of a state owned housing finance corporation to a slick new age universal bank. Incorporated in 1994, the banks contribution to the bustle of post liberalization has been incredible. The banks service offerings include a spectrum of innovative products in retail banking, wholesale banking, the capital markets and many more areas growing consistently at 25-30 percent for over a decade. This has been driven by HDFC banks decision to adopt technology as its backbone. Not only did the technological revolution cut down costs but most significantly it enhanced the customer experience. The experience fostered trust and confidence among customers and the virtuous feedback loop catapulted HDFC bank into the league of elite private sector banks in the country. HDFC banks biggest differentiator from others is its robust set of policies that they worked on backed by quality service. Clear de-risking policies in a high risk Indian market have paid rich dividends to a brand run with great vision and strategy. When others concentrated on numbers, HDFC bank concentrated on quality. That made them an extremely respected bank to deal with. Power Creation: With the vision of being one-stop financial superstore in mind, the bank operates in three segments: Personal Banking, Wholesale Banking, and NRI Services. The Personal Banking segments provides various deposit products, exclusive banking for high net-worth individuals including Wealth Advisory, Private banking and Personal loans such as auto, personal, home, gold, business loans and more. This segment also is the distribution point for third party financial products, such as Mutual Funds and Insurance. In the space of Personal Banking, HDFC banks credit Cards are also enormously trusted. Here as well some well-crafted strategies of the past have yielded brilliant results for the bank. One of the key success factors for HDFC bank is clear de-risked business strategies that not only ensure the right revenue inflow but a loyal customer base. The Wholesale Banking segment provides loan and transaction services to large corporate organizations, emerging corporate organizations, small and medium enterprises and institutional customers. It also offers deposit and transaction banking products, working capital and term finance, foreign exchange products and the like. Other services include trade services, cash management, money market, custodial, tax collection and electronic banking. In addition, it provides correspondent bank services to co-operative banks, private banks, foreign banks and regional rural banks and investment services for non-resident Indians. Communication Strategy: The positioning strategy in recent years has been to position the bank as a one-stop financial supermarket. The objective of the communication has not just been acquisition of new customers, but also creating product awareness, enhancing usage and providing value-adds to customers. The campaigns from HDFC bank have always focused on that and their tagline ‘We Understand Your World only carries the legacy forward. Advertisement campaigns are aimed at highlighting how a product fulfils an identified customer need. The communication showcases the customer benefit first showcasing the banks commitment towards excellence in customer service facilitated through various means, especially technology. The bank also compliments its visual media presence with below the line activities including innovative programmes such as the Merits Scholarship plan which received high acclamation. Magical factors: As a brand, HDFC bank remains committed to India and enhancing the financial service space for everyone in the country. HDFC bank plans to bring financial viability in the next five years to 10 million families at the bottom of the pyramid through supporting microfinance programmes which can be driven by the bank through self help groups rather than just relying on microfinance institutions. The relentless pursuit of efficiency through technology also makes the bank a customer favourite. Their latest innovation is the ‘My Favourite features at ATMs which help customers reduce the time they spend at the ATM. The feature enables the consumer to customize his most often used withdrawal amount thereby speeding up the process by about 40%. It is the focus on little things also that has made HDFC bank such a customer centric bank and is the heart and soul of the brand. Brand Ethos: HDFC bank has always been about making customers comfortable thereby earning their trust. Whether it is through offering transparent products with no hidden fine print or through technological enhancements, HDFC bank has always paid attention to understand customer needs, reinforcing the trust it holds among customers. Its current tagline â€Å"We Understand Your World† is only apt in the sense that if theres one word youd like to associate with HDFC bank it has to be ‘understanding. What is a Brand? The word brand is derived from the Old Norse â€Å"brandr† meaning to burn. It refers to the practice of producers burning their mark (or brand) onto their products. When the technique of branding first started, it was meant to make identifying and differentiating a product easier. Over time, brands came to embrace a performance or benefit promise, for the product, certainly, but eventually also for the company behind the brand. Today, brand plays a much bigger role. Brands have been co-opted as powerful symbols in larger debates about economics, social issues, and politics. The power of brands to communicate a complex message quickly, with emotional impact and the ability of brands to attract media attention makes them an ideal tool in the hands of activists. Brand is the personality that identifies a product, service or company (name, term, sign, symbol, or design, or combination of them) and relates to key constituencies i.e. customers, staff, partners, investors etc. Brand identity and image Brand identity is the outward expression of a brand, including its name, trademark, communications and visual appearance. Because the identity is assembled by the brand owner, it reflects how the owner wants the consumer to perceive the brand and by extension the branded company, organization, product or service. This is in contrast to the brand image, which is a customers mental picture of a brand. The brand owner will seek to bridge the gap between the brand image and the brand identity Brand awareness Brand awareness refers to customers ability to recall and recognize the brand under different conditions and link to the brand name, logo and jingles etc., to certain associations in memory. It helps the customers to understand to which product or service category the particular brand belongs and what products and services are sold under the brand name. It also ensures that customers know which of their needs are satisfied by the brand through its products. Brand awareness is of critical importance since customers will not consider your brand if they are not aware of it. Brand Tracking The role of brand tracking methodologies is to monitor the health and the value of your brands. These are the business equivalent of taking your temperature or reading your pulse they can tell you quite reliably (within statistically-dictated tolerances) whether you are ill or well, and even how ill or how well. They can also point to certain symptoms. However, if you want to know how to get better, you may have to go to see a doctor (or, in this case, a consultant/marketing research agency using sophisticated diagnostic and prognostic techniques) Effective brand management relies on getting timely and accurate information from the target audiences. Brand tracking involves designing a program of measurement that is completed on a regular schedule to allow for trend analysis and comparison. Some of the key metrics that are involved in tracking a brand include: Brand awareness and familiarity Brand perceptions Brand positioning Delivery on brand promise Perceptions of competitive brands What are marketing collaterals? Marketing collaterals consists of printed materials that describe a business and its products and services. Marketing collateral includes brochures, posters, banners, standees and other printed materials produced by or for an organization. Types of the marketing collaterals used in HDFC bank are displayed as follows: MARKETING COLLATERALS WINDOW GLAZINGTENT CARDS LCD TVSTANDEE BANNERLEAFLETS POSTERNOTICE BOARD DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT Impact of marketing collaterals in branches: Every bank has several branches spread wide all over. As we enter a branch we witness many informative items such as banners, posters, standees, leaflets, window glazing, etc. These are known as marketing collaterals. These collaterals are put up with the intention of being read and used by every individual, customer or non-customer, whosoever enters the branch for whatever purpose. They carry information regarding new offers, schemes, rates, changes in banking operations, RBI implications, list of services provided, etc. These are meant to grab customer attention and to probe them into enquiring about the information displayed. It not only helps in improving sales opportunities but also helps in spreading information about the bank and its services. By observing and studying how effective these collaterals actually are, we could do a cost-benefit analysis and also provide recommendations on improving the effectiveness and usefulness of these collaterals by making desired modifications. The project involves observing visitors and also using questionnaires to identify the effective usage of marketing collaterals in the branches of HDFC bank spread over Mumbai city. Brand tracking of HDFC bank in semi-urban regions of India: A brand is defined as a name, term, sign, symbol or design or a combination of them, intended to identify the goods or services of one seller or a group of sellers and to differentiate them from those of competitors. It is very difficult to understand the perception that people have about a particular brand. The role of brand tracking is to monitor the health and the value of a particular brand. It can tell you quite reliably how are the brand performing and what is the image of the brand, as perceived by the people. Brand tracking can point out the reasons why a brand is not performing well and can also recommend suggestions on improving the brand image. In this project, I will be using questionnaires to interview already existing customers as well as non-customers in semi-urban areas of selected cities of India about how they feel about HDFC bank and its services. Interviews would be done face-to-face or door-to-door. Analysis will be made from the data obtained and the current brand image in the minds of people can be formed. Accordingly, suggestions can be provided on how the brand image can be improvised. OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT Impact of marketing collaterals in branches: HDFC bank has 1780 branches and 5231 ATMs in 833 Indian towns and cities. Every branch has several marketing collaterals placed with the intention of spreading awareness about the bank and for improving sales. HDFC bank incurs expenses to put up these marketing collaterals. If the collaterals do not help the bank up to the desired extent at which the bank requires then it is considered that the bank is making losses on these marketing collaterals. The core objective of this project is to study the usefulness of marketing collaterals and to identify the obstacles that are faced by the customer/visitor in utilizing these collaterals. Thus, changes can be suggested in order to improve the utility of these marketing collaterals. Brand tracking of HDFC bank in semi-urban regions of India: A brand plays a very vital role in the sales of any company. The image that people have about a certain brand influences them to make decision regarding whether to use a certain product or service of that particular brand. Thus, in order to improve sales, it is very important to improve the brands image in the minds of people. Brand tracking is a methodology which helps in tracking and identifying the brands image i.e. what people perceive about the particular company. Identifying the brands image is very helpful in placing marketing strategies. The objective of this project is to track the image of HDFC bank in the minds of its customers as well as non-customers in semi-urban markets of India and identifying the banks brand position as compared to its competitors. BENEFITS TO THE ORGANIZATION With the help of this survey, HDFC Bank can identify how much impact its each marketing collaterals has on the customers and which are the collaterals which are not helpful or fail to induce enquiries from the customers. Also the reason behind the collaterals not being attractive are found out and accordingly modifications are suggested. Thus, the effectiveness of the marketing collaterals at various branches of Mumbai city can be increased. The brand tracking survey would help HDFC Bank to identify what people in semi-urban regions perceive about it. Also it can know where it stands as compared to its competitors and what people understand about HDFC Banks local taglines. The brand awareness, visibility, likability and its recall value is calculated. Future marketing strategies can be designed using this information. Apart from these core objectives, HDFC Bank can also use the database collected by the survey for generating leads and other such purposes. LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY As the method of communication used for the survey is face-to-face or door-to-door, the limitations include limited geographical flexibility, high cost and difficulty in call back or follow-up. The entire surveys, research, analysis and decisions are based on the primary data collected by interviewing people from different cities. So the project is highly reliable on the perceptions, thoughts and ideas of people, which are ever changing. Also measuring the cognitive, affective and behavioural components of an attitude is a limitation. The project on brand tracking is limited to the semi-urban regions of India and does not include the urban cities. RESEARCH PROCESS ADOPTED Both the projects that have been selected are research based projects. To study the impact of marketing collaterals in the branches of HDFC bank in Mumbai city as well as for tracking the image of HDFC bank in semi-urban regions, a research had to be made which followed a process that is divided in 7 steps which are as follows: The entire research process has been designed keeping these 7 steps in mind. Accordingly, a schedule was formed and the stipulated time frame was decided to complete the tasks of the schedule. This helped complete the projects in a smooth and systematically planned manner. THE SCHEDULE OF TASKS IS AS FOLLOWS METHODOLGY USED The methodology adopted for researching on both the projects is by collecting primary data through questionnaire method. Customers as well as non-customers are interviewed using questionnaires on face-to-face basis by visiting different semi-urban regions of a few cities where HDFC bank has its branches located at. Data collected from questionnaires will be used in percentage form as the primary data for making analysis. It is a stringent research methodology based on a perception based survey which would include parameters like brand awareness, brand image/perception, brand recall value, brand performance and brand association. The process for preparing the questionnaires for the brand tracking survey is by interviewing 100 people (random sampling) on what they feel are important attributes or features that they look for while selecting a bank for opening a CASA account. The next step is to select the features that have been desired by maximum number of people asked. These features are to be included in the questionnaire along with the other questions for tracking the brand image of HDFC bank. By multiplying the rank given by interviewees to the importance level of the attribute, a clear idea can be drawn as to where HDFC bank stands as compared to its competitors and in which areas the bank need to work upon. Also, the local taglines of HDFC Bank in different cities for example, Gujarati in Surat, Marathi in Aurangabad and so on has been included in the questionnaire for indentifying the understanding that people, of that particular region, have about the local tagline. In order to prepare the questionnaire to study the impact of marketing collaterals in branches, the most common marketing collaterals have been identified and included. The questionnaires are prepared with the aim of identifying the importance and effectiveness of each marketing collateral and the problems faced by the visitors in using these collaterals. For providing more clarity, both the questionnaires prepared are attached with this report. The entire data derived from the questionnaires regarding both the projects, is coded and saved in EXCEL sheets so that it can be included in the banks MIS and can be used by the bank in future whenever required. CITIES AND BRANCHES VISITED TILL DATE Lists of cities that have been visited for Brand Tracking of HDFC Bank is as follows: 1) Aurangabad People outside the branches of HDFC banks competitors i.e. ICICI bank, SBI and AXIS bank were interviewed using questionnaires that were prepared. 2) Surat Semi-urban regions near Surat city were visited i.e. Bardoli and Amroli. 3) Madhya Pradesh Semi-urban regions of M.P were visited i.e. Khandwa and Harda. 4) Rajkot Semi-urban regions of Rajkot were visited i.e. Wankaner, Metoda and Una. A list of branches of HDFC Bank in Mumbai that were visited to conduct the study on impact of marketing collaterals in branches is as follows: Hughes Road branch Sandoz house branch Khar Road branch Borivali branch Vashi branch Andheri branch Sanpada branch Zaveri branch APMC 2 branch Kandivili branch EXCEL sheets containing the entire information of the cities and branches visited along with the data collected is attached with this report. DATA FINDINGS OF MARKETING COLLATERALS SURVEY List of branches visited: Hughes Road branch Sandoz house branch Khar Road branch Borivali branch Vashi branch Andheri branch Sanpada branch Zaveri branch APMC 2 branch Kandivili branch Total number of people interviewed: 200 Data collected is as follows: 1) How often do you visit the branch? a) Very often 48% b) Less often 28% c) Rarely 24% 2) How much time do you spend in the branch at every visit? a) 5 to 10 minutes 17.5% b) 10 to 15 minutes 34% c) 15 to 20 minutes 20.5% d) Above 20 minutes 28% 3) Which of the following collaterals attract your attention the most? 4) Do you often spend time reading these collaterals? a) Yes 67.5% b) No 32.5% 5) Do you find it easy to read them? a) Yes 94% b) No 6% 6) If yes, does it induce you to inquire about it? a) Yes 75.5% b) No 24.5% 7) If no, what are the obstacles that prevent you from reading it? a) Location of the collateral 2.5% b) Font size/colour 2% c) Too much text matter 12% d) Language 0.5% e) Other issues 6% f) No issues 77% DATA FINDINGS ON BRAND TRACKING Cities Visited: Aurangabad, Surat (Bardoli and Amroli), Madhya Pradesh (Khandwa and Harda) and Rajkot (Una, Wankaner and Metoda) Total Number of peopleinterviewed: 200 Data collected is as follows: (The data provided is divided into three sections i.e. in terms of all the data collected, data collected from customers and data collected from non-customers) 1) Banks that the people were aware about are as follows: All data: HDFC bank 26.3% ICICI bank 21.8% State Bank of India 18% Axis bank 15% Other 18.8% Customers: HDFC bank 28.57% ICICI bank 19.72% State Bank of India 16.32% Axis bank 12.92% Other 22.44% Non-customers: HDFC bank 25.60% ICICI bank 22.51% State Bank of India 18.54% Axis bank 15.67% Other 17.66% 2) Public opinion about each bank with regards to the attributes mentioned as follows: a) Trust All data Customers Non-Customers b) Customer friendly staff All data Customers Non-customers c) Speed of services All data Customers Ranks ICICI HDFC SBI AXIS Impact of Marketing Collateral in Banks Impact of Marketing Collateral in Banks INTRODUCTION About HDFC Bank: HDFC Bank was incorporated in August 1994, and, currently has a nationwide network of 2000 Branches and 5,471 ATMs in 996 Indian towns and cities. Differentiate to lead: Trust is a bankers greatest currency and a great banking and financial services brand can be built only on a strong foundation of trust. That pretty much has been HDFC banks story as it emerged from the image of a state owned housing finance corporation to a slick new age universal bank. Incorporated in 1994, the banks contribution to the bustle of post liberalization has been incredible. The banks service offerings include a spectrum of innovative products in retail banking, wholesale banking, the capital markets and many more areas growing consistently at 25-30 percent for over a decade. This has been driven by HDFC banks decision to adopt technology as its backbone. Not only did the technological revolution cut down costs but most significantly it enhanced the customer experience. The experience fostered trust and confidence among customers and the virtuous feedback loop catapulted HDFC bank into the league of elite private sector banks in the country. HDFC banks biggest differentiator from others is its robust set of policies that they worked on backed by quality service. Clear de-risking policies in a high risk Indian market have paid rich dividends to a brand run with great vision and strategy. When others concentrated on numbers, HDFC bank concentrated on quality. That made them an extremely respected bank to deal with. Power Creation: With the vision of being one-stop financial superstore in mind, the bank operates in three segments: Personal Banking, Wholesale Banking, and NRI Services. The Personal Banking segments provides various deposit products, exclusive banking for high net-worth individuals including Wealth Advisory, Private banking and Personal loans such as auto, personal, home, gold, business loans and more. This segment also is the distribution point for third party financial products, such as Mutual Funds and Insurance. In the space of Personal Banking, HDFC banks credit Cards are also enormously trusted. Here as well some well-crafted strategies of the past have yielded brilliant results for the bank. One of the key success factors for HDFC bank is clear de-risked business strategies that not only ensure the right revenue inflow but a loyal customer base. The Wholesale Banking segment provides loan and transaction services to large corporate organizations, emerging corporate organizations, small and medium enterprises and institutional customers. It also offers deposit and transaction banking products, working capital and term finance, foreign exchange products and the like. Other services include trade services, cash management, money market, custodial, tax collection and electronic banking. In addition, it provides correspondent bank services to co-operative banks, private banks, foreign banks and regional rural banks and investment services for non-resident Indians. Communication Strategy: The positioning strategy in recent years has been to position the bank as a one-stop financial supermarket. The objective of the communication has not just been acquisition of new customers, but also creating product awareness, enhancing usage and providing value-adds to customers. The campaigns from HDFC bank have always focused on that and their tagline ‘We Understand Your World only carries the legacy forward. Advertisement campaigns are aimed at highlighting how a product fulfils an identified customer need. The communication showcases the customer benefit first showcasing the banks commitment towards excellence in customer service facilitated through various means, especially technology. The bank also compliments its visual media presence with below the line activities including innovative programmes such as the Merits Scholarship plan which received high acclamation. Magical factors: As a brand, HDFC bank remains committed to India and enhancing the financial service space for everyone in the country. HDFC bank plans to bring financial viability in the next five years to 10 million families at the bottom of the pyramid through supporting microfinance programmes which can be driven by the bank through self help groups rather than just relying on microfinance institutions. The relentless pursuit of efficiency through technology also makes the bank a customer favourite. Their latest innovation is the ‘My Favourite features at ATMs which help customers reduce the time they spend at the ATM. The feature enables the consumer to customize his most often used withdrawal amount thereby speeding up the process by about 40%. It is the focus on little things also that has made HDFC bank such a customer centric bank and is the heart and soul of the brand. Brand Ethos: HDFC bank has always been about making customers comfortable thereby earning their trust. Whether it is through offering transparent products with no hidden fine print or through technological enhancements, HDFC bank has always paid attention to understand customer needs, reinforcing the trust it holds among customers. Its current tagline â€Å"We Understand Your World† is only apt in the sense that if theres one word youd like to associate with HDFC bank it has to be ‘understanding. What is a Brand? The word brand is derived from the Old Norse â€Å"brandr† meaning to burn. It refers to the practice of producers burning their mark (or brand) onto their products. When the technique of branding first started, it was meant to make identifying and differentiating a product easier. Over time, brands came to embrace a performance or benefit promise, for the product, certainly, but eventually also for the company behind the brand. Today, brand plays a much bigger role. Brands have been co-opted as powerful symbols in larger debates about economics, social issues, and politics. The power of brands to communicate a complex message quickly, with emotional impact and the ability of brands to attract media attention makes them an ideal tool in the hands of activists. Brand is the personality that identifies a product, service or company (name, term, sign, symbol, or design, or combination of them) and relates to key constituencies i.e. customers, staff, partners, investors etc. Brand identity and image Brand identity is the outward expression of a brand, including its name, trademark, communications and visual appearance. Because the identity is assembled by the brand owner, it reflects how the owner wants the consumer to perceive the brand and by extension the branded company, organization, product or service. This is in contrast to the brand image, which is a customers mental picture of a brand. The brand owner will seek to bridge the gap between the brand image and the brand identity Brand awareness Brand awareness refers to customers ability to recall and recognize the brand under different conditions and link to the brand name, logo and jingles etc., to certain associations in memory. It helps the customers to understand to which product or service category the particular brand belongs and what products and services are sold under the brand name. It also ensures that customers know which of their needs are satisfied by the brand through its products. Brand awareness is of critical importance since customers will not consider your brand if they are not aware of it. Brand Tracking The role of brand tracking methodologies is to monitor the health and the value of your brands. These are the business equivalent of taking your temperature or reading your pulse they can tell you quite reliably (within statistically-dictated tolerances) whether you are ill or well, and even how ill or how well. They can also point to certain symptoms. However, if you want to know how to get better, you may have to go to see a doctor (or, in this case, a consultant/marketing research agency using sophisticated diagnostic and prognostic techniques) Effective brand management relies on getting timely and accurate information from the target audiences. Brand tracking involves designing a program of measurement that is completed on a regular schedule to allow for trend analysis and comparison. Some of the key metrics that are involved in tracking a brand include: Brand awareness and familiarity Brand perceptions Brand positioning Delivery on brand promise Perceptions of competitive brands What are marketing collaterals? Marketing collaterals consists of printed materials that describe a business and its products and services. Marketing collateral includes brochures, posters, banners, standees and other printed materials produced by or for an organization. Types of the marketing collaterals used in HDFC bank are displayed as follows: MARKETING COLLATERALS WINDOW GLAZINGTENT CARDS LCD TVSTANDEE BANNERLEAFLETS POSTERNOTICE BOARD DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT Impact of marketing collaterals in branches: Every bank has several branches spread wide all over. As we enter a branch we witness many informative items such as banners, posters, standees, leaflets, window glazing, etc. These are known as marketing collaterals. These collaterals are put up with the intention of being read and used by every individual, customer or non-customer, whosoever enters the branch for whatever purpose. They carry information regarding new offers, schemes, rates, changes in banking operations, RBI implications, list of services provided, etc. These are meant to grab customer attention and to probe them into enquiring about the information displayed. It not only helps in improving sales opportunities but also helps in spreading information about the bank and its services. By observing and studying how effective these collaterals actually are, we could do a cost-benefit analysis and also provide recommendations on improving the effectiveness and usefulness of these collaterals by making desired modifications. The project involves observing visitors and also using questionnaires to identify the effective usage of marketing collaterals in the branches of HDFC bank spread over Mumbai city. Brand tracking of HDFC bank in semi-urban regions of India: A brand is defined as a name, term, sign, symbol or design or a combination of them, intended to identify the goods or services of one seller or a group of sellers and to differentiate them from those of competitors. It is very difficult to understand the perception that people have about a particular brand. The role of brand tracking is to monitor the health and the value of a particular brand. It can tell you quite reliably how are the brand performing and what is the image of the brand, as perceived by the people. Brand tracking can point out the reasons why a brand is not performing well and can also recommend suggestions on improving the brand image. In this project, I will be using questionnaires to interview already existing customers as well as non-customers in semi-urban areas of selected cities of India about how they feel about HDFC bank and its services. Interviews would be done face-to-face or door-to-door. Analysis will be made from the data obtained and the current brand image in the minds of people can be formed. Accordingly, suggestions can be provided on how the brand image can be improvised. OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT Impact of marketing collaterals in branches: HDFC bank has 1780 branches and 5231 ATMs in 833 Indian towns and cities. Every branch has several marketing collaterals placed with the intention of spreading awareness about the bank and for improving sales. HDFC bank incurs expenses to put up these marketing collaterals. If the collaterals do not help the bank up to the desired extent at which the bank requires then it is considered that the bank is making losses on these marketing collaterals. The core objective of this project is to study the usefulness of marketing collaterals and to identify the obstacles that are faced by the customer/visitor in utilizing these collaterals. Thus, changes can be suggested in order to improve the utility of these marketing collaterals. Brand tracking of HDFC bank in semi-urban regions of India: A brand plays a very vital role in the sales of any company. The image that people have about a certain brand influences them to make decision regarding whether to use a certain product or service of that particular brand. Thus, in order to improve sales, it is very important to improve the brands image in the minds of people. Brand tracking is a methodology which helps in tracking and identifying the brands image i.e. what people perceive about the particular company. Identifying the brands image is very helpful in placing marketing strategies. The objective of this project is to track the image of HDFC bank in the minds of its customers as well as non-customers in semi-urban markets of India and identifying the banks brand position as compared to its competitors. BENEFITS TO THE ORGANIZATION With the help of this survey, HDFC Bank can identify how much impact its each marketing collaterals has on the customers and which are the collaterals which are not helpful or fail to induce enquiries from the customers. Also the reason behind the collaterals not being attractive are found out and accordingly modifications are suggested. Thus, the effectiveness of the marketing collaterals at various branches of Mumbai city can be increased. The brand tracking survey would help HDFC Bank to identify what people in semi-urban regions perceive about it. Also it can know where it stands as compared to its competitors and what people understand about HDFC Banks local taglines. The brand awareness, visibility, likability and its recall value is calculated. Future marketing strategies can be designed using this information. Apart from these core objectives, HDFC Bank can also use the database collected by the survey for generating leads and other such purposes. LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY As the method of communication used for the survey is face-to-face or door-to-door, the limitations include limited geographical flexibility, high cost and difficulty in call back or follow-up. The entire surveys, research, analysis and decisions are based on the primary data collected by interviewing people from different cities. So the project is highly reliable on the perceptions, thoughts and ideas of people, which are ever changing. Also measuring the cognitive, affective and behavioural components of an attitude is a limitation. The project on brand tracking is limited to the semi-urban regions of India and does not include the urban cities. RESEARCH PROCESS ADOPTED Both the projects that have been selected are research based projects. To study the impact of marketing collaterals in the branches of HDFC bank in Mumbai city as well as for tracking the image of HDFC bank in semi-urban regions, a research had to be made which followed a process that is divided in 7 steps which are as follows: The entire research process has been designed keeping these 7 steps in mind. Accordingly, a schedule was formed and the stipulated time frame was decided to complete the tasks of the schedule. This helped complete the projects in a smooth and systematically planned manner. THE SCHEDULE OF TASKS IS AS FOLLOWS METHODOLGY USED The methodology adopted for researching on both the projects is by collecting primary data through questionnaire method. Customers as well as non-customers are interviewed using questionnaires on face-to-face basis by visiting different semi-urban regions of a few cities where HDFC bank has its branches located at. Data collected from questionnaires will be used in percentage form as the primary data for making analysis. It is a stringent research methodology based on a perception based survey which would include parameters like brand awareness, brand image/perception, brand recall value, brand performance and brand association. The process for preparing the questionnaires for the brand tracking survey is by interviewing 100 people (random sampling) on what they feel are important attributes or features that they look for while selecting a bank for opening a CASA account. The next step is to select the features that have been desired by maximum number of people asked. These features are to be included in the questionnaire along with the other questions for tracking the brand image of HDFC bank. By multiplying the rank given by interviewees to the importance level of the attribute, a clear idea can be drawn as to where HDFC bank stands as compared to its competitors and in which areas the bank need to work upon. Also, the local taglines of HDFC Bank in different cities for example, Gujarati in Surat, Marathi in Aurangabad and so on has been included in the questionnaire for indentifying the understanding that people, of that particular region, have about the local tagline. In order to prepare the questionnaire to study the impact of marketing collaterals in branches, the most common marketing collaterals have been identified and included. The questionnaires are prepared with the aim of identifying the importance and effectiveness of each marketing collateral and the problems faced by the visitors in using these collaterals. For providing more clarity, both the questionnaires prepared are attached with this report. The entire data derived from the questionnaires regarding both the projects, is coded and saved in EXCEL sheets so that it can be included in the banks MIS and can be used by the bank in future whenever required. CITIES AND BRANCHES VISITED TILL DATE Lists of cities that have been visited for Brand Tracking of HDFC Bank is as follows: 1) Aurangabad People outside the branches of HDFC banks competitors i.e. ICICI bank, SBI and AXIS bank were interviewed using questionnaires that were prepared. 2) Surat Semi-urban regions near Surat city were visited i.e. Bardoli and Amroli. 3) Madhya Pradesh Semi-urban regions of M.P were visited i.e. Khandwa and Harda. 4) Rajkot Semi-urban regions of Rajkot were visited i.e. Wankaner, Metoda and Una. A list of branches of HDFC Bank in Mumbai that were visited to conduct the study on impact of marketing collaterals in branches is as follows: Hughes Road branch Sandoz house branch Khar Road branch Borivali branch Vashi branch Andheri branch Sanpada branch Zaveri branch APMC 2 branch Kandivili branch EXCEL sheets containing the entire information of the cities and branches visited along with the data collected is attached with this report. DATA FINDINGS OF MARKETING COLLATERALS SURVEY List of branches visited: Hughes Road branch Sandoz house branch Khar Road branch Borivali branch Vashi branch Andheri branch Sanpada branch Zaveri branch APMC 2 branch Kandivili branch Total number of people interviewed: 200 Data collected is as follows: 1) How often do you visit the branch? a) Very often 48% b) Less often 28% c) Rarely 24% 2) How much time do you spend in the branch at every visit? a) 5 to 10 minutes 17.5% b) 10 to 15 minutes 34% c) 15 to 20 minutes 20.5% d) Above 20 minutes 28% 3) Which of the following collaterals attract your attention the most? 4) Do you often spend time reading these collaterals? a) Yes 67.5% b) No 32.5% 5) Do you find it easy to read them? a) Yes 94% b) No 6% 6) If yes, does it induce you to inquire about it? a) Yes 75.5% b) No 24.5% 7) If no, what are the obstacles that prevent you from reading it? a) Location of the collateral 2.5% b) Font size/colour 2% c) Too much text matter 12% d) Language 0.5% e) Other issues 6% f) No issues 77% DATA FINDINGS ON BRAND TRACKING Cities Visited: Aurangabad, Surat (Bardoli and Amroli), Madhya Pradesh (Khandwa and Harda) and Rajkot (Una, Wankaner and Metoda) Total Number of peopleinterviewed: 200 Data collected is as follows: (The data provided is divided into three sections i.e. in terms of all the data collected, data collected from customers and data collected from non-customers) 1) Banks that the people were aware about are as follows: All data: HDFC bank 26.3% ICICI bank 21.8% State Bank of India 18% Axis bank 15% Other 18.8% Customers: HDFC bank 28.57% ICICI bank 19.72% State Bank of India 16.32% Axis bank 12.92% Other 22.44% Non-customers: HDFC bank 25.60% ICICI bank 22.51% State Bank of India 18.54% Axis bank 15.67% Other 17.66% 2) Public opinion about each bank with regards to the attributes mentioned as follows: a) Trust All data Customers Non-Customers b) Customer friendly staff All data Customers Non-customers c) Speed of services All data Customers Ranks ICICI HDFC SBI AXIS

Revenge :: essays research papers

REVENGE   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Love is a strange thing. It is strong, free, and blind. With it come many pleasures. However, what often occurs after love is the antithesis of love. Once love is lost in a person, a barrage of feelings inhabits that person. One of the darkest, strongest, most eminent emotions that occur in a person is the feeling of revenge. The Crucible and The Scarlet Letter are both classic and dated stories that are mostly based upon love, lost love, and revenge.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In The Scarlet Letter, Chillingsworth and Hester are supposed to be in love. They are married, which is a sacred bond tying two people together that love each other very much. When Hester senses that she may never again see her husband, who had all but abandoned her, she seeks comfort in the arms of another man. She thought that Chillingsworth would never find out. When he did find out, he became very angry at losing his wife; she had betrayed him. He responded by trying to kill the other party, Arthur Dimmesdale. Revenge had turned a once normal man into a blood seeking, greedy, stingy, and decrepitly weak old man.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Revenge was also the driving force behind the Abigail Walker’s, a character in The Chamber, accusations of Elizabeth Proctor being a witch. John Proctor and Abigail Williams once had an affair. John was lonely and in need of human comfort, comfort his wife was unable to give in her dying state. However when she regained her health, John left Abigail and went back to his wife. Abigail was furious at his decision; she would love to get back at the hurt he caused. Abigail found her opening once the witch trials transpired. She knew that to John Proctor, losing his wife meant losing his life. Abigail saw this as the way to get him back, so she screamed “witch'; upon Elizabeth, saying “ Proctor. Abigail was willing to kill a woman just to get back at John Proctor.

Affirmative Action Will Build a Strong Nation Essay -- affirmative act

Affirmative Action Will Build a Strong Nation Affirmative Action: often upon hearing this word, one will start thinking about quotas and reverse discrimination. However, contrary to this misconception, affirmative action is actually a policy that dictates that employers attempt to find diverse employees by exploring untraditional sources of labor. The goal of affirmative action is to create a work force that mirrors the population of the nation both in gender and in ethnicity (Hanmer 8,10). Affirmative action is necessary to give all Americans an opportunity to be successful and to counteract the discrimination that still exists in modern society. Affirmative action is not only morally justifiable, but it is also socially and economically preferable in order to improve our society. The United States’ government first implemented affirmative action to overcome some of the clear differences in living conditions between people of different genders and races. Unfortunately, these differences still exist and eliminating affirm ative action now would be premature for our nation. Affirmative action is essential to compensate for the fact that women and minorities receive fewer opportunities to succeed. Even after laws were passed to end institutionalized racism, the white males who owned the businesses and held the best jobs before continued to own the businesses and hold the best jobs. While legal equality may have been achieved, the nation was nowhere near having true social equality. As President Lyndon B. Johnson stated when he first started affirmative action, â€Å"This is the next and the more profound stage of the battle for civil rights. We seek not just freedom but opportunity. We seek not just legal equity but human abi... ...., William. â€Å"Give Affirmative Action Time to Act.† AAD Project. 1 Dec. 2000. University of California Santa Barbara, Department of English. 19 Feb. 2002 http://aad.english.ucsb.edu/docs/darity.html>. Hanmer, Trudy J. Affirmative Action: Opportunity for All?. Hillside, NJ: Enslow Publishers, Inc., 1993. Mask, Susan. â€Å"Countering the Myths: A Proponent’s Point of View.† University of Iowa, Office of Affirmative Action. 25 Feb. 2002 http://www.uiowa.edu/~oaa/counteri.htm>. Plous, Scott. â€Å"Ten Myths About Affirmative Action.† Journal of Social Issues. 52.4 (1996): 25-31. Pressley, Sue Anne. â€Å"Texas Campus Attracts Fewer Minorities.† Washington Post. 28 Aug. 1997, http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/politics/special/affirm/stories/ aa082897.htm>. Supplier Diversity. Nike. 17 Mar. 2002. http://www.nikebiz.com/diversity/supplier.shtml>.